Intercalibrating the national classifications of ecological status for Eastern Continental lakes: Biological Quality Element: Benthic invertebrates

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the national classifications of good ecological status to be harmonised through an intercalibration exercise. In this exercise, significant differences in status classification among Member States are harmonized by comparing and, if necessary, adjusting the good status boundaries of the national assessment methods. Intercalibration is performed for rivers, lakes, coastal and transitional waters, focusing on selected types of water bodies (intercalibration types), anthropogenic pressures and Biological Quality Elements. Intercalibration exercises were carried out in Geographical Intercalibration Groups - larger geographical units including Member States with similar water body types - and followed the procedure described in the WFD Common Implementation Strategy Guidance document on the intercalibration process (European Commission, 2011). The Technical reports are organized in volumes according to the water category (rivers, lakes, coastal and transitional waters), Biological Quality Element and Geographical Intercalibration group. This volume addresses the intercalibration of the Eastern Continental Lake GIG Benthic invertebrate ecological assessment methods. Three countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania) participated in the intercalibration exercise and harmonised their lake benthic invertebrate systems. The results were approved by the WG ECOSTAT and included in the EC Decision on intercalibration (European Commission, 2018).JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

Intercalibration of the national classifications of ecological status for Eastern Continental lakes: Biological Quality Element: Phytoplankton

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the national classifications of good ecological status to be harmonised through an intercalibration exercise. In this exercise, significant differences in status classification among Member States are harmonized by comparing and, if necessary, adjusting the good status boundaries of the national assessment methods. Intercalibration is performed for rivers, lakes, coastal and transitional waters, focusing on selected types of water bodies (intercalibration types), anthropogenic pressures and Biological Quality Elements. Intercalibration exercises were carried out in Geographical Intercalibration Groups - larger geographical units including Member States with similar water body types - and followed the procedure described in the WFD Common Implementation Strategy Guidance document on the intercalibration process (European Commission, 2011). The Technical reports are organized in volumes according to the water category (rivers, lakes, coastal and transitional waters), Biological Quality Element and Geographical Intercalibration group. This volume addresses the intercalibration of the Eastern Continental Lake GIG Phytoplankton ecological assessment methods. Three countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania) participated in the intercalibration exercise and harmonised their phytoplankton assessment systems. The results were approved by the WG ECOSTAT and included in the EC Decision on intercalibration (European Commission, 2018).JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

Neonicotinoid insecticides as emerging contaminants in agricultural soil

Using an LC-MS-MS method for detection of 6 neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, dinotefuran, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram) was developed a new performant extraction method based on sonication treatment of soil samples, which were previously dried, grounded, homogenized, sieved (2 mm) and subjected to the selective extraction process with acetonitrile. Then the obtained extracts were diluted with ultrapure water (ratio 1: 100) and subjected to purification by Strata C18 SPE extraction using cartridges loaded with 200 mg/6 mL of octa-dodecyl-silica adsorbent phase. The entire methodology allowed obtaining quantification limits at trace level that varied in the range 0.3-0.9 ng/g and recoveries between 71.4% and 109.6%. In the agricultural soil samples, taken from the lands cultivated with wheat, corn, sunflower, beans, located in Prahova and Giurgiu counties (Romania), only four neonicotinoids out of the total of six were quantified imidacloprid (0.38 ng/g-56.9 ng/g), acetamiprid (1.7-7.2 ng/g), thiamethoxam (1.05-6.7 ng/g), clothianidin (1.1-1.5 ng/g)

Assessment of environmental pollution level caused by shipbuilding industry

The purpose of the paper was to create databases that would allow a proper assessment of the degree of marine pollution generated by shipyard industrial sector. The study was conducted over a period of three years, between 2015 and 2017. The parameters determined for the waters collected from the shipyard were within the maximum allowed limits according to the norms in force. However, values very close to the maximum allowable limit were observed in the case of groundwater for nickel, determined from the drilling located near the fuel depot in 2015 and chlorides determined from the drilling located near the galvanizing workshop, both in 2016 and in 2017. The analyzed parameters for the soil samples, collected from various sampling points and different depths, were below the value of the alert thresholds for less sensitive soils, according to Order 756/97. The databases created for this study can contribute as an incipient basis for the development of larger studies that include other industrial sectors as well as a longer evaluation period

Pantograf gnan z linearnim indukcijskim motorjem s prilagojenimi krmilnimi tehnikami

This article presents an adaptive fuzzy control for a linear induction motor, which is used to control the vertical movement of a pantograph, which supplies an electric locomotive from a contact line. The system has the goal of eliminating all the discontinuity on the route, the resonance phenomenon, the separation of the pantograph head from the contact wire, and electric arches. The simulations demonstrate functional control of the pantograph driven with a linear induction motor system using fuzzy control techniques.V članku je predstavljeno prilagodljivo mehko krmiljenje linearnega indukcijskega motorja, ki se uporablja za krmiljenje navpičnega gibanja odjemnika toka, ki napaja električno lokomotivo iz kontaktne linije. Cilj sistema je odpraviti vse prekinitve na poti, resonančni pojav, ločitev glave odjemnika toka od kontaktnega vodnika in električnih lokov. Simulacije prikazujejo funkcionalno kontrolo odjemnika toka, ki se poganja z linearnim indukcijskim motornim sistemom z uporabo mehkih krmilnih tehnik

Optimization of automotive cooling systems characteristics using finite element analysis

Due to a continuous evolving automotive industry, car manufacturers continuously develop new technologies to stay competitive on the market. Most of the modern cars are equipped with electronic devices used for functional or multimedia purposes. Electric cars have additional components used for charging and battery management. All the electronic components used in cars dissipate heat during functioning and all of them need cooling in order to keep a proper functioning temperature. Cold plates are a very efficient cooling solution used in most of the cars. The advantage of the cold plates is that it can dissipate a high amount of heat, have a small volume and can be placed in closed or tight areas. In order to enhance the thermal transfer between the cold plate and the cooling fluid, turbulence enhancement geometries are used inside the cold plate. The purpose of this paper is to use finite element analysis to compare different positions of one protrusion in the cooling channel to enhance the cooling process. The goal is to see if the protrusion position influences the cooling and which placement is more efficient. The second evaluation criteria of the efficiency is to keep a low-pressure drop inside the system

PSpice simulacije za enofazne usmernike za testiranje DC varovalk

In this article, simulations were realized for different power rectifiers used for testing DC fuses. Using the OrCAD PSpice software, a single-phase uncontrolled bridge rectifier and a single-phase controlled bridge rectifier are simulated for different loads. From the data analysis, some important conclusions were realized regarding the form of the temperature waveforms in transient conditions and quasisteady state thermal conditions.V tem članku so bile izvedene simulacije za različne usmernike moči, ki se uporabljajo za preskušanje enosmernih varovalk. S programsko opremo OrCAD PSpice se simulirajo enofazni nenadzorovani mostni usmernik in enofazni mostični usmernik za različne obremenitve. Iz analize podatkov je bilo ugotovljenih nekaj pomembnih zaključkov glede oblike temperaturnih valov v prehodnih pogojih

Dizajniranje in analiza termičnega modeliranja notranjosti električnega avtobusa

The heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system represents the main auxiliary load for any type of bus. Being the most significant energy-consuming auxiliary load for the electric bus, it must be given special attention in an electric bus system design. To study the heat transfer and thermal optimization for passenger comfort in the electric bus computer-aided design (CAD) is used. The geometry of an electric bus interior is designed considering the main components of the vehicle: passenger cabin, driver’s cabin, windows, walls, and seats. Materials of the same type as those used in the real bus are considered for the geometry model. Based on the heat transfer theory, a thermal model and simulations are made for the heat transfer inside the electric bus. The simulated data are compared with measurement data, and based on these, it can be concluded that the thermal model of the electric bus can be validated and used further for a wide variety of thermal simulation types.Sistem ogrevanja, prezračevanja in klimatizacije (HVAC) predstavlja glavno dodatno obremenitev za vse vrste avtobusov. Ker gre za sistem z največjo porabo energije pri električnem avtobusu, mu moramo posvetiti posebno pozornost pri dizajniranju električnega avtobusa. Pri študiji prenosa toplote in optimizaciji v smislu udobja potnikov smo uporabili računalniško podprto dizajniranje (CAD). Postavitev notranjosti električnega avtobusa je zasnovana glede na glavne komponente vozila: prostor za potnike, prostor za voznika, okna, stene in sedeže. V oblikovanem modelu so uporabljeni materiali iste vrste kot v realnih avtobusih. Na podlagi teorije o prenosu toplote smo naredili model in simulacije prenosa toplote znotraj električnega avtobusa, nakar smo primerjali podatke iz simulacije s podatki iz meritev. Iz izvlečkov omenjene primerjave lahko zaključimo, da je termični model električnega avtobusa mogoče validirati in nadalje uporabiti za najrazličnejše termične simulacije

How Augmented Reality Could Improve the Student’s Attraction to Learn Mechanisms

Mechanics, along with electronics, is a basic field for the development of high technologies. However, learning mechanics is not an easy task. To meet and adapt to the requirements of students in the digital age, teachers must provide them significant ways to incorporate the latest technologies and applications for their studies. In this study, we explored the application of augmented reality (AR) to improve the learning of the science of Mechanisms. An AR application was implemented and developed for Android-based devices, followed by a qualitative experiment conducted with a sample of 116 students. The study was based on the technology acceptance model and the students’ attitudes towards learning in AR environments were assessed using the structural equation modeling. The results showed that the didactic potential of this application is promising, which is highlighted by the positive attitude about using the application, as well as by the high values obtained for intention to use