Expression of the ErbB Family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Toll-like Receptor 4 on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells: A Preliminary Study

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its three related proteins are collectively known as an ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). It comprises of four distinct receptors: the EGFR (ErbB1/Her1), ErbB2 (neu/Her2), ErbB3 (Her3) and ErbB4 (Her4). It plays a critical function in the homeostasis of epithelial cells. It also drives cancer development. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered the sixth most common cancer. It has been reported that an overexpression of EGFR correlated with progression and poor prognosis in SCC of the tongue. Therefore, targeted inhibition of EGFR is a promising approach to suppress signal transduction pathways which control tumor cell growth, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. The role of bacteria in cancer, in particular initiation and progression, is well known. It has been reported that TLR4 activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in OSCC. The overall goal of the study is to elucidate how oral bacteria influence the clinical outcome of the EGFR-targeted therapy in OSCC since the oral cavity harbors a diverse and complex microbial community. In this presentation, we reported an expression of ErbB family of RTKs and TLR 4 on OSCC cells

Expression of the ErbB Family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Toll-like Receptor 4 on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells: A Preliminary Study

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its three related proteins are collectively known as an ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). It comprises of four distinct receptors: the EGFR (ErbB1/Her1), ErbB2 (neu/Her2), ErbB3 (Her3) and ErbB4 (Her4). It plays a critical function in the homeostasis of epithelial cells. It also drives cancer development. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered the sixth most common cancer. It has been reported that an overexpression of EGFR correlated with progression and poor prognosis in SCC of the tongue. Therefore, targeted inhibition of EGFR is a promising approach to suppress signal transduction pathways which control tumor cell growth, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. The role of bacteria in cancer, in particular initiation and progression, is well known. It has been reported that TLR4 activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in OSCC. The overall goal of the study is to elucidate how oral bacteria influence the clinical outcome of the EGFR-targeted therapy in OSCC since the oral cavity harbors a diverse and complex microbial community. In this presentation, we reported an expression of ErbB family of RTKs and TLR 4 on OSCC cells

The Hausdorff Edition

Nous présentons dans cet article la genèse du projet de l'Édition Hausdorff, ainsi que sa structure organisationnelle ; une discussion suit sur un des aspects centraux de l'œuvre de Hausdorff.A short overview is provided of the genesis of the Hausdorff Edition project, and of its organizational structure, followed by a discussion of a central aspect of Hausdorff's work

Impaired Wound Healing in Mouse Models of Diabetes Is Mediated by TNF-α Dysregulation and Associated With Enhanced Activation of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1)

Aims/hypothesis The role of TNF-α in impaired wound healing in diabetes was examined by focusing on fibroblasts. Methods Small excisional wounds were created in the db/db mice model of type 2 diabetes and normoglycaemic littermates, and in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mouse model and control mice. Fibroblast apoptosis was measured by the TUNEL assay, proliferation by detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) activity by DNA binding and nuclear translocation. TNF-α was specifically inhibited by pegsunercept. Results Diabetic wounds had increased TNF-α, fibroblast apoptosis, caspase-3/7 activity and activation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor FOXO1, and decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive fibroblasts (p \u3c 0.05). TNF-α inhibition improved healing in the diabetic mice and increased fibroblast density. This may be explained by a decrease in fibroblast apoptosis and increased proliferation when TNF-α was blocked (p  \u3c 0.05). Although decreased fibroblast proliferation and enhanced FOXO1 activity were investigated in type 2 diabetes, they may also be implicated in type 1 diabetes. In vitro, TNF-α enhanced mRNA levels of gene sets related to apoptosis and Akt and p53 but not mitochondrial or cell-cycle pathways. FOXO1 small interfering RNA reduced gene sets that regulate apoptosis, Akt, mitochondrial and cell-cycle pathways. TNF-α also increased genes involved in inflammation, cytokine, Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor-kB pathways, which were significantly reduced by FOXO1 knockdown. Conclusions/interpretation These studies indicate that TNF-α dysregulation in diabetic wounds impairs healing, which may involve enhanced fibroblast apoptosis and decreased proliferation. In vitro, TNF-α induced gene sets through FOXO1 that regulate a number of pathways that could influence inflammation and apoptosis

Intensive endoscopic resection for downstaging of polyp burden in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (J-FAPP Study III) : a multicenter prospective interventional study

Background Total colectomy is the standard treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Recently, an increasing number of young patients with FAP have requested the postponement of surgery or have refused to undergo surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive endoscopic removal for downstaging of polyp burden (IDP) in FAP. Method A single-arm intervention study was conducted at 22 facilities. Participants were patients with FAP, aged ≥ 16 years, who had not undergone colectomy or who had undergone colectomy but had ≥ 10 cm of large intestine remaining. For IDP, colorectal polyps of ≥ 10 mm were removed, followed by polyps of ≥ 5 mm. The primary end point was the presence/absence of colectomy during a 5-year intervention period. Results 222 patients were eligible, of whom 166 had not undergone colectomy, 46 had undergone subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, and 10 had undergone partial resection of the large intestine. During the intervention period, five patients (2.3 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.74 %–5.18 %) underwent colectomy, and three patients died. Completion of the 5-year intervention period without colectomy was confirmed in 150 /166 patients who had not undergone colectomy (90.4 %, 95 %CI 84.8 %–94.4 %) and in 47 /56 patients who had previously undergone colectomy (83.9 %, 95 %CI 71.7 %–92.4 %). Conclusion IDP in patients with mild-to-moderate FAP could have the potential to be a useful means of preventing colorectal cancer without implementing colectomy. However, if the IDP protocol was proposed during a much longer term, it may not preclude the possibility that a large proportion of colectomies may still need to be performed

Western Marxism or Marxism in the "periphery"? : the cases of Gramsci and Tosaka

This paper aims to show that two eminent Italian and Japanese Marxists in the 1930s, Antonio Gramsci and Tosaka Jun, shared four important characteristics of so-called Western Marxism. These are: 1) a rejection of crude economism; 2) an acknowledgement of the critical role of civil society in obtaining people’s consent for the governance of modern states; 3) a scrutiny of the mechanism with which people were mobilized through internalization of social norms; and 4) the proposition of an alternative reform plan based on the autonomy of politics. Showing that Gramsci and Tosaka shared these four characteristics enables us to revisit the framework of Western Marxism, which confusingly consists of both theoretical characteristics and geographical criteria. The geographical element comes to the forefront in determining what does not count as Western Marxism, drawing boundaries behind those theoretical characteristics that were shared beyond these boundaries. As this paper maintains, Tosaka’s case may suggest that, during this time, the four theoretical characteristics had simultaneously developed in the “periphery,” in the places that were neither central nor remote in glowingly globalized values and problems, which clashed, and were often mixed up with, still-resilient domestic circumstances. This allows us to examine Italian and Japanese Marxists on the same plane, without endorsing the essentialist West–East dichotomy that obscures their shared characteristics

On Guido Liguori’s Gramsci’s Pathways

This is a review by Takahiro Chino of Guido Liguori’s Gramsci’s Pathways, Chicago, Haymarket Books, 2015

Is Western Marxism Western? The Cases of Gramsci and Tosaka

This paper aims to show that two eminent Marxists in the 1930s, the Italian Antonio Gramsci and the Japanese Tosaka Jun, shared three important characteristics of so-called Western Marxism: the methodological development of Marxism, the focus on the superstructure, and the pessimism about the impossibility of immediate revolution. Showing that Gramsci and Tosaka shared these characteristics enables us to revisit the framework of “Western Marxism,” which confusingly consists of both theoretical characteristics and geographical criteria. Looking at Gramsci and Tosaka on the same plane allows us to revisit Marxist thought different from the orthodox Marxism in Soviet Russia, and not strictly as a Western, but as a part of potentially global movement of thought

Effects of lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide on SHED

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a readily accessible source of stem cells. SHED are exposed to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during pulpal inflammation and subsequent tissue regeneration. However, little is known about effects of PAMPs on SHED. We examine effects of PAMPs on SHED viability and proliferation, we also report on SHED expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and SHED growth factor secretion in response to LTA