Bosanquet, Collingwood et l’esthétique idéaliste britannique

Après un bref survol de l’esthétique britannique au xxe siècle, les objections de Wollheim à la théorie « idéelle » de l’art, qu’il attribue à Croce et à Collingwood, sont présentées. Dans une deuxième partie, les critiques de Bosanquet à l’endroit de la théorie de Croce sont examinées, pour en conclure qu’on ne peut pas lui attribuer la théorie « idéelle ». Il en va de même pour Collingwood, dont les grandes lignes de son esthétique sont présentées dans la troisième partie, dont le but accessoire est de montrer que sa théorie est par ailleurs plus satisfaisante que celle de Bosanquet ; elle est en réalité très proche de celle de Wollheim, malgré les dires de ce dernier. Dans la conclusion, on revient sur le motif des théories de l’art des idéalistes britanniques, à savoir le rôle social que doit jouer l’oeuvre d’art, pour montrer toute l’actualité de la théorie de Collingwood, pour qui l’oeuvre d’art est le produit non pas de l’artiste seul, mais de l’artiste et de son audience.After a brief survey of British aesthetics in the XXth century, Wollheim’s objections to the ‘ideal’ theory, which he imputes to Croce and Collingwood, are presented. In the second part, Bosanquet’s critique of Croce’s theory is presented in order to show that one cannot attribute to him the ‘ideal’ theory. The same goes for Collingwood, whose aesthetic theory is sketched in the third part, which argues accessorily that it is more satisfactory than Bosanquet’s ; it is in fact, his own claims to the contrary notwithstanding, rather close to Wollheim’s. The conclusion comes back to the central motivation for British Idealist theories of art, namely that the work of art has a social role to play, in order to show the actuality of Collingwood, who viewed the work of art not as the product of the artist alone, but from the artist and the audience alike

Increasing Incidence and Age at Onset of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Nagano Prefecture, Japan

Article信州医学雑誌 64(5): 239-246(2016)journal articl

外歯瘻の迅速診断における超音波診断の有用性

Background: Cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin are frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated. Intraoral roentgenograms are valuable for diagnosing such tracts. Since these lesions are usually not accompanied by dental symptoms, patients tend initially to consult dermatologists or general physicians, who are not familiar with oral diseases or intraoral X-rays. Objectives: We sought to determine the usefulness of ultrasonography for detecting cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin. Materials and methods: Three patients who had skin lesions that were suspected of being cutaneous sinus tracts based on the findings of clinical and histological examinations were enrolled in this study. B mode and color Doppler ultrasonography were used to image the skin lesions in their entirety and to assess the associations between the subcutaneous lesions and any alveolar bone defects. Results: In each case, ultrasonography depicted a hypoechoic band that originated from the cutaneous lesion and extended through the subcutaneous tissue to the alveolar bone. Bone loss was also observed, and color Doppler ultrasonography detected increased blood flow in the peripheral regions of the tracts. Conclusions: In the present study, the patients’ sinus tracts were rapidly detected using ultrasonography, which enabled appropriate treatment. Thus, ultrasonography is a convenient tool for diagnosing cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin.博士（医学）・甲第644号・平成28年3月15日Copyright © 2014 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEX

British Idealist Aesthetics, Collingwood, Wollheim, And The Origins Of Analytic Aesthetics

Although Great Britain is the country of some of the earliest contributors to aesthetics as an independent philosophical discipline the subject attracted little interest in philosophical circles towards the turn of the twentieth century. In this paper, I shall focus on Bosanquet and Collingwood. In particular, as we shall see, Collingwood is often dismissed as having held an indefensible, outmoded ‘ideal’ theory, according to which the work of art is primarily ‘mental’, while his potential role in current debates is simply ignored. I will argue that this view is largely mistaken

The effect of mood on the processing, representation, and potency of persuasive communications

En este trabajo, sugerimos un modelo intuitivo del tiempo, trabajado en la hermenéutica de Gadamer, pero que es rechazado por Collingwood. Para mostrarlo, examinamos la respuesta de cada uno al problema de la transposición, sobre el que la filosofía de Dilthey se ha fundado supuestamente. Discutimos luego sobre las nociones implícitas de tiempo, mostrando que Ricoeur tiene una mejor apreciación del asunto, por lo que ve que Collingwood se mueve paralelamente, hasta cierto punto, a la crítica de Heidegger del “tiempo vulgar”, aunque con un resultado enteramente diferente. Apuntamos también la importancia en el pensamiento de Collingwood, de su noción de “encapsulación” (“incapsulation”).In this article, the authors explore an intuitive model of time worked through in Gadamer’s hermeneutics, but which is rejected by Collingwood. To illustrate this, the authors examine the responses of both to the problem of transposition, upon which Dilthey’s philosophy is purportedly founded. The authors then discuss the underlying notions of time, demonstrating that Ricoeur had a greater appreciation of the issue, given his observation that Collingwood moves parallel to Heidegger’s critique of “vulgar time” to a certain extent, albeit with an entirely different result. In addition, the authors highlight the importance of Collingwood’s thinking to his notion of “incapsulation”

Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha is a key inhibitory factor for lactose synthesis pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells

Lactose is a milk-specific carbohydrate synthesized by mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in mammary glands during lactation. Lactose synthesis is downregulated under conditions causing inflammation such as mastitis, in which MECs are exposed to high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6) directly influence the lactose synthesis pathway by using two types of murine MEC culture models: the monolayer culture of MECs to induce lactogenesis; and the three-dimensional culture of MECs surrounded by Matrigel to induce reconstitution of the alveolar structure in vitro. TNF-alpha caused severe down-regulation of lactose synthesis related genes concurrently with the degradation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUTI) from the basolateral membranes in MECs. IL-1 beta also caused degradation of GLUTI along with a decrease in the expression level of beta-1,4-galactosylransferase 3. IL-6 caused both up-regulation and down-regulation of the expression levels of lactose synthesis-related genes in MECs. These results indicate that TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 have different effects on the lactose synthesis pathway in MECs. Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFKB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NF kappa B and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Gadamer y Collingwood sobre la distancia temporal y la comprensión

In this article, the authors explore an intuitive model of time worked through in Gadamer’s hermeneutics, but which is rejected by Collingwood. To illustrate this, the authors examine the responses of both to the problem of transposition, upon which Dilthey’s philosophy is purportedly founded. The authors then discuss the underlying notions of time, demonstrating that Ricoeur had a greater appreciation of the issue, given his observation that Collingwood moves parallel to Heidegger’s critique of “vulgar time” to a certain extent, albeit with an entirely different result. In addition, the authors highlight the importance of Collingwood’s thinking to his notion of “incapsulation”.En este trabajo, sugerimos un modelo intuitivo del tiempo, trabajado en la hermenéutica de Gadamer, pero que es rechazado por Collingwood. Para mostrarlo, examinamos la respuesta de cada uno al problema de la transposición, sobre el que la filosofía de Dilthey se ha fundado supuestamente. Discutimos luego sobre las nociones implícitas de tiempo, mostrando que Ricoeur tiene una mejor apreciación del asunto, por lo que ve que Collingwood se mueve paralelamente, hasta cierto punto, a la crítica de Heidegger del “tiempo vulgar”, aunque con un resultado enteramente diferente. Apuntamos también la importancia en el pensamiento de Collingwood, de su noción de “encapsulación” (“incapsulation”)

Prolactin and glucocorticoid signaling induces lactation-specific tight junctions concurrent with beta-casein expression in mammary epithelial cells

Alveolar mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in mammary glands are highly specialized cells that produce milk for suckling infants. Alveolar MECs also form less permeable tight junctions (TJs) to prevent the leakage of milk components after parturition. In the formation process of less permeable TJs, MECs show a selective downregulation of Cldn4 and a localization change of Cldn3. To investigate what induces less permeable TJs through these compositional changes in Cldns, we focused on two lactogenesis-related hormones: prolactin (Prl) and glucocorticoids. Prl caused a downregulation of Cldn3 and Cldn4 with the formation of leaky TJs in MECs in vitro. Prl-treated MECs also showed low beta-casein expression with the activation of STAT5 signaling. By contrast, dexamethasone (Dex), a glucocorticoid analogue, upregulated Cldn3 and Cldn4, concurrent with the formation of less permeable TJs and the activation of glucocorticoid signaling without the expression of beta-casein. Cotreatment with Prl and Dex induced the selective downregulation of Cldn4 and the concentration of Cldn3 in the region of Tjs concurrent with less permeable TJ formation and high beta-casein expression. The inhibition of Prl secretion by bromocriptine in lactating mice induced the upregulation of Cldn3 and Cldn4 concurrent with the downregulation of milk production. These results indicate that the coactivation of Prl and glucocorticoid signaling induces lactation-specific less permeable TJs concurrent with lactogenesis

Underlying mechanisms involved in the decrease of milk secretion during Escherichia coli endotoxin induced mastitis in lactating mice

Mastitis, the inflammation of mammary glands resulting from bacterial infection, disrupts milk production in lactating mammary glands. In this study, we injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the endotoxins from Escherichia coli into mouse mammary glands to disrupt milk production, and we investigated the influence of LPS on nutrient uptake, synthesis, and secretion processes for milk component production in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). The expression of genes relevant to the three-staged milk component production process (nutrient uptake, synthesis, and secretion of milk components) were down-regulated within 12 h after LPS injection in AEC. The internalization of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) from the basolateral membrane to the cytoplasm occurred in accordance with the down-regulation of gene expression 3 h after LPS injection. The abnormal localization of adipophilin and beta-casein was also observed in the LPS-injected mammary glands. SLC7A1, an amino acid transporter, was up-regulated 3 and 6 h after LPS injection. Furthermore, the inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and the activation of STAT3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) occurred 3 h after LPS injection. These results indicate that the nutrient uptake, synthesis, and secretion of milk components in AEC are rapidly shut down in the lactating mammary glands after LPS injection