Women, media and democracy: news coverage of women in the Zambian press

To establish how women are portrayed in the press, the dissertation offers findings from a content analysis of 1,050 news accounts of women drawn from three Zambian newspapers in 1991, 1995 and 1999. These findings are supported by a textual reading of a smaller number of news accounts examining how media construct women in politics as they are representatives of other women in general. The dissertation concludes that news accounts of women in the Zambian press to some extent contribute to their continued marginalisation in societ

Gender, stereotypes and expertise in the press: how newspapers represent female and male scientists.

This report is part of a series of four reports examining the representation of gender and science. The work was commissioned by the UK Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (UKRC). This part of the research examined coverage of Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) in twelve UK national newspapers over a six month period. The main findings are: • Men are much more often cited as expert scientific sources than women: 5 men are quoted by journalists for every 1 woman. The same is true for indepth interviews: 5 male scientists are profiled in the press for every 1 female scientist. • Journalists are more likely to comment on appearance when writing about women: half the profiles of female scientists mentioned clothing, physique or hairstyle whereas the equivalent was true for only a fifth of the profiles of male scientists. • Descriptions of women can imply a contradiction between being a ‘real woman’ and a ‘real scientist’. Women in SET who are seen as conforming to traditional stereotypes such as ‘the geek’ are sometimes implicitly presented as unfeminine. Alternatively, if they are ‘sexy’ and ‘glamorous’ their status as scientists may be thrown into question. • By contrast, descriptions of men working in SET seem to confirm men’s status as bona fide scientists, computer whiz-kids or technological innovators. • Our interviews with scientists reveal the negative impact that genderstereotypes and scrutiny of appearance can have on women working in male-dominated work places. These interviews also highlight how media industries may constrain the range of publicly available images of women working in SET. Our report concludes with recommendations for journalists who wish to avoid reinforcing inequalities and for organisations seeking to promote the positive representation of women in SET