A COMPARISON OF MOLAR MORPHOLOGY FROM EXTANT CERCOPITHECID MONKEYS AND PLIOCENE PARAPAPIO FROM MAKAPANSGAT, SOUTH AFRICA USING ELLIPTICAL FOURIER ANALYSIS

To determine whether the size and shape of Parapapio molars are similar to closely related cercopithecid taxa including Cercocebus and Papio and different from more distantly related Colobus, three first permanent maxillary molar molds of Parapapio (MP77 broomi, MP221 whitei, and MP223 whitei) were compared to Cercocebus agilis (n = 11), Papio anubis (n = 10) and Colobus angolensis (n = 11) using buccolingual and mesiodistal lengths, occlusal area, and elliptical Fourier analysis. PC1, accounting for 35% of the variance, polarizes Parapapio and Colobus at opposite extremes from the other taxa, whereas PC2, explaining 19.76%, separates Colobus from extant cercopithecines. PC3 (13.92% of the variance) separates Cercocebus and Colobus from other genera and each other with minor overlap. In terms of shape, Parapapio resembles Papio and Cercocebus, but not particularly so and exhibits variation in lingual aspects of molar morphology where it resembles Colobus

The Sampling, Pattern, and Survival of the Higher Elevation Beech in the Great Smoky Mountains

Six beech gap forests in the Great Smoky Mountains between Tennessee and North Carolina were sampled for pattern of stem distribution and for stem size and survivorship of Fagus grandifolia. Several methods for approximating the adequacy of number of plots for stem count were compared in terms of relative efficiency. Stem count and basal area of all species were similar between north-facing and south-facing stands, and between more east-facing and west-facing sides of the same stand. Mean density of live beech ranged from 3705 to 7835 trees per hectare, and basal area ranged from 16.1 to 33.0 m2 per hectare. For living and dead stems of all species mean density ranged from 6200 to 8515 stems per hectare, but the basal area ranged from 39.6 to only 40.0 m2 per hectare. Ten randomly placed quadrats in each side of the stand provided measures of variance for stand data on sizes of live and dead stems and inferred survivorship. The distribution pattern of stems was also studied in mapped transects 5 by 100 meters in each stand. The distribution of size classes of dead beach stems reveals a primary unstable size group (0.1 to 6.0 cm) and primary stable, secondary stable, and unstable size groups. The general features of the distribution curve are similar to those with constant mortality rates. The implications of the high mortality of small stems (0-6 cm diameters) and the high density and low density patches for release and competition are discussed. The mosaic pattern of beech distribution is thought to be the result of cyclic regeneration. The proportion of dead beech is not different significantly between north- and south-facing slopes, but it is significantly different among stands and between aspects within the stand. No directional trend can be demonstrated for aspect differences. The proportion of non-beech species was significantly different between north- and south-facing slopes (21% vs. 11%), among sites, and between aspects within sites. These differences when added to characteristics of the survivorship curves and the distribution of spruce in the stands suggest that the south-facing stands are under environmental stress. The distribution of stems was studied by analysis of variance and my Morisita\u27s (1959) index of dispersion analysis. From the analysis of variance, several sizes of primary patches and mosaics were detected in all stands. The regular distribution pattern of individual stems and clumps of stems was revealed, as was some random distribution and several scales of aggregated pattern. North-facing sites had more randomly distributed stems among all trees and among all beech. No random distribution was found in the subareas nearest the ridge crests in the south-facing sites. Living beech was more randomly distributed than were all trees or all beech. Morisita\u27s index reveals similar patterns, but it showed more regularity of pattern. Greig-Smith\u27s (1964) method was more convenient for detecting and interpreting the mosaic pattern and for determining average size of clump and single clump area. The complicated structure and dynamics of these stands are very strongly controlled by the root suckering of the sole dominant, beech. The dynamics of the stands are revealed by inferred survivorship and mosaic pattern in different size classes to be strongly controlled by changes in micro-environmental pattern and competition during growth of clumps. Maintenance of these deciduous island communities in the boreal conifer forests is possible largely because of rapid and cyclic regeneration in a complicated mosaic

A Study on the Effect of Quality Factors of Smartphone 5G Technology on the Reliability of Information and Communication Policy

This paper analyzes the effect of the characteristics of 5G services on users\u27 continuous intention to use, focusing on the technology acceptance model. With the start of the fourth industrial revolution in the 21st century, 5G is the best technology used in the Internet of Things, high-speed information and communication, artificial intelligence, big data, autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, augmented reality, robots, nanotechnology, and blockchain. The technical characteristics of 5G ultra-high-speed information communication are represented by ultra-high speed, ultra-high capacity, ultra-low delay, and ultra-high connectivity. 5G mobile communication technology is essential, and after the technology provided by 5G services is commercialized, it can play all its roles as a practical core new growth engine. 5G mobile communication (hereinafter referred to as 5G) is far superior to LTE, which is a 4G mobile communication, in terms of transmission speed, waiting time, and terminal capacity. 5G service is not just an axis of the process of developing mobile communication technology, but also the creation of innovative corporate value of technology. This is because higher network quality and innovation with 5G service technology will improve perceived usability, perceived ease of use, and perceived entertainment, which will ultimately have a positive impact on users\u27 intention to use 5G services. Therefore, due to the lack of investment in information and communication bases, platforms, and applications, this paper can be used as the basis for establishing government policies

Dynamics of Morphology-Dependent Resonances by Openness in Dielectric Disk for TE polarization

We have studied the dynamics of morphology-dependent resonances by openness in a dielectric microdisk for TE polarization. For the first time, we report that the dynamics exhibits avoided resonance crossings between inner and outer resonances even though the corresponding billiard is integrable. Due to the avoidance, inner and outer resonances can be exchanged and $Q$-factor of inner resonances is strongly affected. We analyze the diverse phenomena aroused from the dynamics including the avoided crossings.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

The role of Robert Alexander Hardie in the Korean great revival and the subsequent development of Korean Protestant Christianity

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1491/thumbnail.jp