Assessment Reservoir Temperature of West Georgian Geothermal Deposit by Application of Silica-Enthalpy Mixing Method

This study to use geochemical techniques to evaluate geothermal reservoir in West Georgia. About Thirty thermal water samples were taken from existing thermal boreholes on the territory of West Georgia. The samples revealed the majority have Na-K-HCO3 composition compared to just some of them Na-K-Cl-SO4 and Ca-MgSO4-Cl. Water-type changes from Sulfate-Chloride to bicarbonate from the West to the East were also observed. Reservoir temperature estimations by silica-enthalpy method is 130 ºC, 163 ºC, 212 ºC. The results of this and other current studies manifest the need for further researches and the steps and methodology thereof

Myelin basic protein charge isomers change macrophage polarization

Elene Tsitsilashvili,1 Maia Sepashvili,1,2 Marika Chikviladze,1 Lali Shanshiashvili,1,2,* David Mikeladze1,2,* 1Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia; 2Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: During a neuronal injury, a variety of immune cells infiltrate into the local microenvironment at the demyelination site. After the destruction of the intact myelin sheath, its major constituent myelin basic protein (MBP) dissociates from the plasma membrane and acts as a free ligand on the infiltrated immune cells. MBP exhibits charge microheterogeneity as a result of post-translational modifications, but the effect of various isomers of MBP on the activity of macrophages is not known.Materials and methods: MBP was isolated and purified from bovine brain white matter. RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured in DMEM supplemented with heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. For evaluation of macrophage polarization following treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with MBP charge isomers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression (M1 phenotype marker) and arginase-1 expression (M2 phenotype marker) were determined in cell lysates by ELISA. To assess Rac activity, G-LISA Rac Activation Assay system was used. The expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein were assayed by Western blot analysis.Results: Our results have shown that minimally modified C1 component of MBP increases the expression of arginase-1 in cells, decreases the expression of iNOS, does not change the secretion of HMGB1 protein, but significantly elevates surface expression of RAGE, and in parallel, increases the activity of small GTPase Rac. On the other hand, highly modified deiminated isomer C8-MBP increases the secretion of HMGB1 protein but does not change the expression of arginase-1 or the content of RAGE.Conclusion: These data indicate that deiminated C8 isomer of MBP tends to polarize RAW macrophages into M1 phenotypes, whereas C1 enhances the activity of M2 phenotype markers. Keywords: Arginase-1, iNOS, HMGB1, RAG

Analysis of the Relation Between the Variation of ASY-H Geomagnetic Indices and the Character of Internet Interdomain Routing During the 2003 Halloween Geomagnetic Storm

In this work, we investigated the character of the relation between variation of ASY-H geomagnetic indices and updates of border gateway protocol data sets during the strongest geomagnetic storm in October 2003. Time series of low to mid-latitude asymmetric geomagnetic indices have been compared with the Internet border gateway protocol data sets obtained from the three world's largest Internet providers. As a regularity metric characteristic of considered processes, we used the local variation calculation method. The probability density function and Similarity/dissimilarity of compared processes have been assessed using Kullback–Leibler divergence measure. It was shown, that strong geomagnetic storms practically do not affect the dynamical regularity of processes of BGP update variation. At the same time, the extent of similarity between the character of variation of ASY-H and corresponding BGP updates time series strongly increased in the period of the strong Halloween geomagnetic storm that occurred in 2003

Indoor Radon Concentrations in Selected Buildings of Georgia

Within the project “Radon mapping and radon risk assessment in Georgia”, funded by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia in 2019‒2022 (SRNSFG FN-19-22022), systematic radon (222Rn, Rn) surveys in indoor air, soil gas, and waters were carried out in Georgia. The indoor radon study included 702 locations in 11 administrative regions of Georgia. Altogether, 1338 rooms in 107 schools, 540 kindergartens, 6 city halls, and 57 homes were examined for radon all year round by exposing solid-state nuclear track detectors RSFV from Radosys Ltd. Rn concentrations ranged from 2 to 1226 Bq m3, with an annual arithmetic mean value of 84 Bq m3 for all the regions. The annual effective doses ranged from 0.2 to 3.8 mSv with an arithmetic mean value of 1.2 mSv a1