For Engineering to Champion Future Industrial Revolutions, It Must Look to the Past

This article discusses Engineering and the Engineer in an informal way intended to attract the attention of engineering educators, industry professionals and students. By tracing the definition term “Engineer” to ancient Greek which translates to genius, it is hoped that those of us who are engineers or those that intend to become engineers will be made aware of the respect and reverence which National Leaders have had bestowed upon them, through all industrial resolutions. Indeed, Some National Leaders have been Engineers and Scientists themselves. The article gives some early examples of geniuses of ancient Egypt and latterly those in Europe, Asia and the United States. The article discloses that what we call STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics) was in fact not new and gives examples of Thomas Edison and Benjamin Franklin of the United States. With these examples, it is hoped that Engineers will embrace roles in public life and national governance. The article goes into particular depth the importance of a broadened curriculum, bemoaning the present trend of overspecialization. Here the article gives an example of the curriculum he himself followed in the 1970’s. In what can be called an autobiographical sketch, the article describes his own experience as a Trainee / Graduate Engineer with the National Railways of Zimbabwe, which had a solid training reputation, especially during the 1980’s. In this sketch, the importance of humility, order, and adherence to professionalisms are recommended as part of the repertoire to a future successful Engineer

A community-based educational intervention for increasing awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice towards rabies control and dog vaccination among villagers in Zambia

長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（Global Health）甲第18号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年3月6日(2025-03-06)thesi

The Barriers Students Of Color Experience During The Online College Application

Recruitment of Students of Color (African American and Latino) is a growing obligation of colleges and universities around the United States (Bauman et al., 2019). Personally, the culmination of my passion for diversity recruitment and my experiences with information technology has led me to study why Students of Color encounter barriers during their online college application process. A vicious cycle of seeing Students of Color students not being able to access key resources during their college application process has frequently left me heartbroken. There are an abundance of excuses and I want to be a part of the solution

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in human milk

A research paper on residue of pesticides in human milk.Levels of residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons p,p-DDT, p,p-DDE, p,p-TDE, x-, B-, y-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the milk of 40 Zimbabwean mothers living in the Greater Harare area were analysed. Of all the milk samples analysed, relatively low residue levels of x-, B-, and v-HCH, peptochloroperoxide and dieldrin were detected in 58, 100, 63, 13 (not statistically significant) and 65 per cent respectively. Traces of the PCB congener 2,2,4,5,5 -penta- chlobipheny (PCB 101) were found in 15 samples. One sample contained traces of 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118). From this study, small though the sample was, it seems social status, educational background and living conditions are important demographic variables influencing the frequency distribution of residue levels of sum DDT in the mother’s milk

Tracing the Pattern of Maize Introduction and Spread in Africa using Chloroplast DNA Markers

A genetic assessment of maize landraces from 14 African countries was conducted in order to determine relationships among the landraces so as to infer the pattern of spread after introduction. Seeds were planted and DNA was extracted from ten randomly selected seedlings per accession. Eight published chloroplast SSR primers were used in PCR and purified products were directly sequenced. Allele size data from the chloroplast microsatellites were organized in MS Excel spreadsheets and sorted into haplotypes. Mantel‟s test and Principal Component Analysis were used in determination of haplotype diversity and biogeography of alleles. Results indicated that there was considerable variation in the geographic range of alleles. However, Mantel tests performed to examine the correlation between genetic and geographical distances likewise showed no association between genetic and geographic distances (r = -0.0138, p = 0.5600, 1000 permutations). Furthermore, principal component analysis provided little evidence for population differentiation based on geographical region; projection of the populations over the first two planes revealed two outlier accessions whilst the rest appear to be sub-accessions associated with South Africa. Hence, results from this study support a hypothesis of successive introductions of landraces in Africa with South Africa as one of the likely entry points. Key Words: Maize Landraces, SSR Markers, Haplotype, Genetic Diversity, Africa

For Engineering to Champion Future Industrial Revolutions, It Must Look to the Past

This article discusses Engineering and the Engineer in an informal way intended to attract the attention of engineering educators, industry professionals and students. By tracing the definition term “Engineer” to ancient Greek which translates to genius, it is hoped that those of us who are engineers or those that intend to become engineers will be made aware of the respect and reverence which National Leaders have had bestowed upon them, through all industrial resolutions. Indeed, Some National Leaders have been Engineers and Scientists themselves. The article gives some early examples of geniuses of ancient Egypt and latterly those in Europe, Asia and the United States. The article discloses that what we call STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics) was in fact not new and gives examples of Thomas Edison and Benjamin Franklin of the United States. With these examples, it is hoped that Engineers will embrace roles in public life and national governance. The article goes into particular depth the importance of a broadened curriculum, bemoaning the present trend of overspecialization. Here the article gives an example of the curriculum he himself followed in the 1970’s. In what can be called an autobiographical sketch, the article describes his own experience as a Trainee / Graduate Engineer with the National Railways of Zimbabwe, which had a solid training reputation, especially during the 1980’s. In this sketch, the importance of humility, order, and adherence to professionalisms are recommended as part of the repertoire to a future successful Engineer

Use of differentiated instruction by teachers of mathematics in meeting the diverse needs of pupils in selected secondary schools in Choma district.

Thesis of Master of Education in Mathematics EducationThe purpose of this study was to investigate the use of differentiated instruction to meet the diverse needs of pupils by teachers of mathematics in four selected secondary schools in Choma District. The sample comprised 178 respondents from four selected secondary schools of which 18 were teachers of mathematics and 160 Grade eleven pupils. Forty pupils from each school participated in the study. Simple random sampling was used to select schools and pupils while purposive sampling was used to select the 18 teachers of mathematics. The study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The research instruments that were used in the study include questionnaires and an observation checklist which were designed by the researcher. There was a questionnaire for pupils and a questionnaire for teachers of mathematics to complete. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 16.0) was used to analyse quantitative data from questionnaires using descriptive statistics basically in form frequency tables and histograms. Qualitative data obtained from open-ended questions and an observation checklist was analysed by coding and grouping the emerging themes. The findings of the study revealed that most teachers of mathematics rarely attended to the diverse needs of pupils in the classroom. From pupils’ responses and classroom observations, teachers never grouped pupils either according to their interests or abilities. Teachers of mathematics mainly taught their pupils as a unit not as individuals. Teachers rarely considered the benefit of assessment for learning and focused mainly on end of term and promotional examinations. However, in few cases where teachers of mathematics attempted to differentiate instruction, the study revealed group work, recap strategy, question and answer sessions, homework and remedial work, pupil demonstration and appropriate high level questions to fast learners as some of teaching strategies used by teachers. The study further revealed that in few cases where teaching used the differentiated instruction methods, the major challenges were over-enrolment, insufficient time, abnormal workload, managing the gap between slow and fast learners, pressure from stakeholders to cover the syllabus, insufficient teaching and learning materials, pupils’ poor mathematical background and pupils’ negative attitude towards mathematics. The study recommended that schools through the office of the head teacher should procure sufficient and appropriate teaching and learning materials. It also recommended that Ministry of General Education and Head teachers should focus more on assessment for learning. School administrators and management must control the enrolments to mitigate the challenge of over enrolments. Finally the government must deploy and recruit more teachers of mathematics in secondary schools to reduce the teaching loads for serving teachers