Particles Separation and Tracks in a Hydrocyclone

100學年度研究獎補助論文[[abstract]]Hydrocyclone separation technique recently has been used in an increasing number of applications. Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model (RSM) and Discrete Phase Model (DPM) were employed in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 3D simulation to draw the motion trace of single particle of different particle size and density in hydrocyclone separator. It is known that, smaller size particles flow out from overflow, larger size particles flow out from underflow, and there is a characteristic size of particles having longer residence time in hydrocyclone separator. Particle size influences separation efficiency more significantly than particle density. Simulation of particle cluster separation efficiency in hydrocyclone separator has some discrepancy from experimental result. It is because air core influence is not considered in this study.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙

From Smoking to Cancers: Novel Targets to Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Cigarette smoking bears a strong etiological association with many neovascularization-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of many compounds, including nicotine, which is the major active and addictive component of tobacco. Nicotine and its specific metabolized carcinogens directly bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on cell membranes and trigger the nAChR signal cascade. The nAChRs were originally thought to be ligand-gated ion channels that modulate physiological processes ranging from neurotransmission to cancer signaling. For several decades, the nAChRs served as a prototypic molecule for neurotransmitter receptors; however, they are now important therapeutic targets for various diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, schizophrenia, and even cancer. This paper describes recent advances in our understanding of the assembly, activity, and biological functions of nicotinic receptors, as well as developments in the therapeutic application of nicotinic receptor ligands

Granular Effect on Electron Conduction in Discontinuous Metal Films

We reanalyze the seminal work by Dolan and Osheroff [Phys. Rev. Lett. $\textbf{43}$, 721 (1979)] which reported anomalous low-temperature conduction of high-resistivity thin-film metal strips. We argue that the observed logarithmic increase of resistance with decreasing temperature in their 3-nm-thick Au-Pd strips be ascribed to the granularity effect on electron conduction in discontinuous metal films. This reanalysis is further supported by our measurements on conducting Pb$_x$(SiO$_2$)$_{1-x}$ nanogranular films, where $x$ is the volume fraction of Pb.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

A preliminary study on the dynamic friction behavior of a one-third scale-down vertical cylindrical cask

In Taiwan, the capacities of spent fuel pools for temporary storage in nuclear power plant will reach depletion soon, and the site of final disposal facility is still to be decided. Therefore, the installation of dry-type interim storage facilities is urgent. The dry storage systems in Taiwan utilize a freestanding cask and design to non-anchored to the foundation pad. It is necessary to establish the simulation techniques for the non-anchored structure, such as the dry storage cask, for the reasonable assessment of its seismic behavior when the earthquake hit. This study is cast a 1/3 scale-down pedestal specimen of the INER-dry storage cask system, which were conducted to acquire the actual friction coefficient at the cask/pad interface as well as the effect of normal stress and sliding rate on it. Based on the results of cyclic loading testing, the cyclic frequency almost had no influence on the friction coefficient but the friction coefficient increased with the normal stress increased. Apparent rocking of the cask was induced at a higher friction coefficient, while sliding dominated the cask motion at a lower one. In addition, the cast motions were almost purely sliding and the range of the friction coefficient was between 0.60 and 0.73 under various compositions of dry storage cask system

Scientific and Regulatory Perspective on Monoclonal Antibody Biosimilars

Similar biotherapeutic products (SBPs), also called biosimilars, exhibit similar biological and clinical properties to authorized reference products. Biosimilars, including small molecules like erythropoietin and complex macromolecules like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have been used extensively in disease treatment. Monoclonal antibody biosimilars have gradually become a dominant development in the global pharmaceutical industry since their patents or data protection have been expired or nearing expiration. Since the mAb biosimilars are complex biological macromolecules with various post-translation modifications, it is important to evaluate whether these tiny differences significantly affect the quality. From a regulatory perspective, the comparability study needs to be performed to demonstrate that the quality, safety, and efficacy are similar to the biological reference. Based on these comprehensive comparative results, the indicated extrapolation might be acceptable. Post-market surveillance is also required because of unexpected biological variation caused by slightly different manufacturing processes. This chapter presents the scientific and regulatory considerations for monoclonal antibody biosimilar products for manufactures and for the regulatory authorities to administrate wisely and comprehensively