7 research outputs found
Riscritture dei “classici” tedeschi nella poesia del secondo dopoguerra
I saggi raccolti in questo volume sono dedicati alla poesia di lingua tedesca del secondo dopoguerra e, in particolare, al dialogo che in quest’epoca si avviò con quegli autori della letteratura
tedesca considerati classici, la cui eredità spirituale era stata compromessa dalla strumentalizzazione e dalla propaganda nazionalsocialiste. Di qui, le domande che più volte risuonano nelle
poesie: come rivitalizzare quelle idee, quei valori e quelle esperienze che avevano contribuito a plasmare quella lingua letteraria tedesca, che la storia ora aveva contaminata e infangata?
Come riappropriarsi del linguaggio della poesia, come farlo riemergere e rinnovarlo alla luce di autori divenuti classici? Come liberare questa tradizione, intrappolata per anni nelle morse
ideologiche nazionaliste
Administrative and Judicial Collective Enforcement of Consumer Law in the US and the European Community
In the consumer society, as it stands today in Western-type democracies, consumers
have a far larger choice of products and services originating from all over the world
than they did decades ago. Risks associated with products and services have also
increased, as have mass problems and mass damages, often in a transborder dimension.
The US and the European Community, though battling against common problems,
maintain different standard setting and enforcement regimes. This paper focuses on
enforcement regimes, thereby distinguishing between administrative enforcement via
agencies and judicial collective enforcement via European collective actions and US
class actions. The existing theoretical framework depicting administrative and judicial
enforcement as alternative strategies is contrasted against modern developments in the
US and the EC.
In the field of consumer protection administrative control and judicial collective
enforcement are being understood more as functional complements than alternatives.
Enforcement covers negotiation, settlement, adjudication and arbitration. The analysis
of the institutional variables determining the choice between administrative and judicial
control – ex ante vs. ex post control, injunctive relief versus damages, personal injuries
and economic losses, sector specificity vs. general instruments to protect consumers,
public agencies vs. private organisations – provide the ground for preliminary thoughts
on a revised theoretical approach