Efficacies of different methods of teaching transcultural nursing practice in China

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed the effectiveness of three teaching methods for developing cultural competency based upon Leininger's theoretical framework with nursing students in China: case studies, traditional didactic learning, and self-directed learning. These methods were used in transcultural nursing teaching practices to identify the method that resulted in the greatest improvements in the nursing student's understanding and clinical application of transcultural nursing.MethodsThe Transcultural Nursing Questionnaire (TNQ) was used for pre-and post-test comparisons of all participants in four areas of cultural knowledge and the Evaluation of Transcultural Nursing Competency (ETNC) was applied via role-play to evaluate the cultural competency of 120 of the 305 participants from three general hospitals in the PuDong New District, Shanghai, China. Individual transcultural nursing courses that focused on case study, traditional didactic or self-directed methods persisted for four months in three hospitals.ResultsStatistical analyses of the cognitive scores of the participants in the transcultural nursing courses revealed a significant difference(P＜0. 01)between scores collected before and after the teaching with the three methods. Comparisons of the three hospitals revealed that the scores for transcultural nursing cognition and simulating service assessment were significantly different(P＜0. 01) for the case study nursing students. The scores of the students who were taught with the traditional didactic and self-directed methods were not significantly different across the three hospitals(P＞0. 05).ConclusionThe results revealed that the case study, traditional didactic and self-directed method effectively improved the transcultural nursing cognitive levels of the nursing students. The case study method appeared to be the most effective approach based upon the TNQ pre-and post-tests and the ETNC cultural competency scores

The Lived Experience of Parents of Children and Youth With Special Healthcare Needs on Public and Private Insurance

Purpose of the Study:The number of children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) is steadily growing in the United States. There are significant differences between private and public health plans in terms of cost, adequacy, and parent satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of parents with CYSHCN enrolled in public and private insurance with or without a nurse care coordinator. This study also sought to understand parents' experience of support.Primary Practice Setting:The primary practice setting was participants' choice of location.Methodology and Sample:A qualitative descriptive design was used with 16 parents of children and young adults aged 2 to 21 years. Semistructured interviews were used, and Colaizzi's (1978) eight steps was the selected interpretive method.Results:Five themes emerged for parents navigating their child's insurance in the presence or absence of a nurse care coordinator: (1) Struggle with Self-Preservation, (2) Abandonment and Isolation, (3) Self-Reliance and Advocacy, (4) Interdependence, and (5) Lifeline. These themes were also dependent on the type of insurance and sources of support available.Implications for Case Management Practice:Models centered on care coordination can also be used as a mechanism to guide nurse care coordinators in practice. Providing care coordination support could help lessen the caregiver burden especially while navigating public or private insurance. Results highlighted how insurance companies can make potential changes within the health plan infrastructure. Incorporating nursing care coordination activities not only results in health care savings for the health plan but also improved health outcomes for its enrollees

The Lived Experience of Parents of Children and Youth With Special Healthcare Needs on Public and Private Insurance: A Phenomenological Study

The number of children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) is steadily growing in the United States. There are significant differences between private and public health plans in terms of cost, adequacy, and parent satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of parents with CYSHCN enrolled in public and private insurance with or without a nurse care coordinator. This study also sought to understand parents' experience of support. The primary practice setting was participants' choice of location. A qualitative descriptive design was used with 16 parents of children and young adults aged 2 to 21 years. Semistructured interviews were used, and Colaizzi's (1978) eight steps was the selected interpretive method. Five themes emerged for parents navigating their child's insurance in the presence or absence of a nurse care coordinator: (1) Struggle with Self-Preservation, (2) Abandonment and Isolation, (3) Self-Reliance and Advocacy, (4) Interdependence, and (5) Lifeline. These themes were also dependent on the type of insurance and sources of support available. Models centered on care coordination can also be used as a mechanism to guide nurse care coordinators in practice. Providing care coordination support could help lessen the caregiver burden especially while navigating public or private insurance. Results highlighted how insurance companies can make potential changes within the health plan infrastructure. Incorporating nursing care coordination activities not only results in health care savings for the health plan but also improved health outcomes for its enrollees