The Impact of Electronic Shopping Site\u27s Privacy Policy, Reputation, and Trust on Customers\u27 Purchase Intentions

With the advent of EC, Internet shopping becomes a way of business transactions. This research investigates how trust can affect customers’ purchase intentions. Having surveyed related literature, a conceptual framework has been proposed. The framework consists of four components: independent variables (privacy policy and reputation), intervening variables (cognitive and affective trust), dependent variable (customers’ purchase intentions), and moderating variable (perceived risk). The 2(with/without privacy policy)*2(good/bad reputation) experiments are employed to collect primary data to validate the proposed conceptual framework. The two levels privacy policy and reputation can significantly influence cognitive and affective trust. Moreover, the effect of cognitive trust and purchase intentions is more than that of affective trust. The study result also shows the interaction between privacy policy, reputation, and trust for the major product is not significant. Therefore, we suggest that electronic shopping sites’ managers should consider customers’ mentality in order to raise their purchase intentions

Methyl 4-[(5-chloro­pyrimidin-2-yl)carbamo­yl]benzoate

Mol­ecules of the title compound, C13H10ClN3O3, form centrosymmetric dimers via inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds generating an R 2 2(8) motif. The dimers are further connected through an O⋯Cl—C halogen bond [O⋯Cl = 3.233 (1) Å and O⋯Cl—C = 167.33 (1)°] into a chain along [110]. The secondary amide group adopts a cis conformation. Weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds among the methyl benzoate and pyrimidyl rings are also observed in the crystal structure

N 1,N 2-Bis(6-methyl-2-pyrid­yl)formamidine

In the crystal structure of the title mol­ecule, C13H14N4, the two pyridyl rings are not coplanar but twisted about the C—N bond with an inter­planar angle of 71.1 (1)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules form dimers, situated on crystallographic centres of inversion, which are connected via a pair of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯π-electron ring inter­actions are also present in the crystal structure. The title mol­ecule adopts an s–cis–anti–s–cis conformation in the solid state

Efficiency Enhancement of Nanoporous Silicon/Polycrystalline-Silicon Solar Cells by Application of Trenched Electrodes

Trenched electrodes were proposed to enhance the short-circuit current and conversion efficiency of polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) solar cells with nanoporous silicon (NPS) surface layers. NPS films that served as textured surface layers were firstly prepared on heavily doped p+-type (100) poly-Si wafers by anodic etching process. Interdigitated trenches were formed in the NPS layers by a reactive-ion-etch (RIE) process and Cr/Al double-layered metal was then deposited to fill the trenches and construct trenched-electrode-contacts (TEC’s). Cells with TEC structures (called “TEC cells”) obtained 5.5 times higher short-circuit current than that of cells with planar electrode contacts (called “non-TEC cells”). Most significantly, a TEC cell achieved 8 times higher conversion efficiency than that of a non-TEC cell. The enhanced short-circuit current and conversion efficiency in TEC cells were ascribed to the reduced overall series resistance of devices. In a TEC cell, trenched electrodes provided photocurrent flowing routes that directly access the poly-Si substrates without passing through the high resistive NPS layers. Therefore, the application of NPS surface layers with trenched electrodes is a novel approach to development of highly efficient poly-Si solar cells

Distributed Training Large-Scale Deep Architectures

Scale of data and scale of computation infrastructures together enable the current deep learning renaissance. However, training large-scale deep architectures demands both algorithmic improvement and careful system configuration. In this paper, we focus on employing the system approach to speed up large-scale training. Via lessons learned from our routine benchmarking effort, we first identify bottlenecks and overheads that hinter data parallelism. We then devise guidelines that help practitioners to configure an effective system and fine-tune parameters to achieve desired speedup. Specifically, we develop a procedure for setting minibatch size and choosing computation algorithms. We also derive lemmas for determining the quantity of key components such as the number of GPUs and parameter servers. Experiments and examples show that these guidelines help effectively speed up large-scale deep learning training

Simplified ZrTiOx-based RRAM cell structure with rectifying characteristics by integrating Ni/n + -Si diode

A simplified one-diode one-resistor (1D1R) resistive switching memory cell that uses only four layers of TaN/ZrTiO( x )/Ni/n(+)-Si was proposed to suppress sneak current where TaN/ZrTiO( x )/Ni can be regarded as a resistive-switching random access memory (RRAM) device while Ni/n(+)-Si acts as an Schottky diode. This is the first RRAM cell structure that employs metal/semiconductor Schottky diode for current rectifying. The 1D1R cell exhibits bipolar switching behavior with SET/RESET voltage close to 1 V without requiring a forming process. More importantly, the cell shows tight resistance distribution for different states, significantly rectifying characteristics with forward/reverse current ratio higher than 10(3) and a resistance ratio larger than 10(3) between two states. Furthermore, the cell also displays desirable reliability performance in terms of long data retention time of up to 10(4) s and robust endurance of 10(5) cycles. Based on the promising characteristics, the four-layer 1D1R structure holds the great potential for next-generation nonvolatile memory technology

Blind Source Separation of Hemodynamics from Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Brain Images Using Independent Factor Analysis

Perfusion magnetic resonance brain imaging induces temporal signal changes on brain tissues, manifesting distinct blood-supply patterns for the profound analysis of cerebral hemodynamics. We employed independent factor analysis to blindly separate such dynamic images into different maps, that is, artery, gray matter, white matter, vein and sinus, and choroid plexus, in conjunction with corresponding signal-time curves. The averaged signal-time curve on the segmented arterial area was further used to calculate the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and mean transit time (MTT). The averaged ratios for rCBV, rCBF, and MTT between gray and white matters for normal subjects were congruent with those in the literature

Rupture of Renal Pelvis in an Adult with Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction After Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Isolated injury to the renal pelvis following blunt abdominal trauma is very rare. However, a pre-existing renal abnormality will increase the risk of rupture. We present a 24-year-old man with rupture of the left renal pelvis following blunt abdominal trauma. He had pre-existing left ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Delayed computed tomography scan with excretory phase revealed contrast medium extravasation from the left UPJ, and left renal pelvis rupture was diagnosed. He was managed successfully with ureteral double-J stenting for 2 months

Donor Site Morbidity Associated with Cancellous Bone Harvest from the Anterior Iliac Crest: Using a Mini-Access Approach and Literature Review

Introduction: The anterior iliac crest is a popular donor sites for cancellous bone in alveolar cleft reconstruction. Potential problems such as donor site pain, restricted ambulation, and sensory nerve injury, are common drawbacks. We developed a mini-access approach to harvest cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest and reviewed the donor site morbidity in the literature.Methods: We reviewed the previously-collected data from patients who underwent alveolar bone grafting using the mini-access approach from the iliac crest in 2005, which was the second year in which we used this method. Donor site morbidity was recorded and analyzed. Data from a total of 40 patients were reviewed.Results: 28 patients were male and 12 were female with a mean age of 10. Thirty-three patients had a unilateral cleft, and 7 patients had bilateral clefts. The average bone graft volume was 5.35 ml, while the average length of hospitalization was 4.55 days. Suspected lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in 10% of the cases.Conclusion: Compared to the literature, although we could not conclude that the mini-access approach is absolutely better than the other methods, it provides an easy, alternative way without special equipments to decrease the donor site morbidity