IN VIVO MONITORING STRATEGIES FOR EVALUATION OF FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

In recent years, various advancements have been introduced in the development of controlled drug release devices for resolving different physiological problems for example, gastric retention inconsistency along with erratic gastric emptying time. Gastroretentive delivery formulations receive considerable attention to overcome these drawbacks and in optimizing the absorption of different medicaments. Gastroretentive technologies considerably extend the stomach retention time of dosage forms with increased bioavailability as well as therapeutic efficacy. Gastroretention can be successfully achieved utilizing gastric floating system. The rationale of the present manuscript focuses on current advancements of gastric floating systems so as to accomplish appropriate drug bioavailability and, subsequently drug targeting to the stomach. In vivo evaluation parameters, especially pivotal imaging techniques including roentgenography, gamma scintigraphy, gastroscopy, magnetic marker monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, 13C octanoic acid breath test etc. have been emphasized in this manuscript for monitoring drug formulation behavior which extensively revolutionized thorough understanding in the avenue of improved bioavailability of gastroretentive systems

Intraoperative change in P-wave polarity, an accidental finding: Anaesthesiologist’s dilemma

Arrhythmias are commonly observed in the intraoperative period. These could arise due to varied reasons and are treated accordingly. However certain situations are encountered where arrhythmias are transient and do not cause any haemodynamic instability. We report a case of 61 year old female posted for an orthopaedic procedure where intraoperative changing p wave polarity was noticed on monitor. Since, the patient was asymptomatic and haemodynamically stable, we decided to proceed with a spinal anaesthetic after much dilemma. The intraoperative period went uneventful with continued changes in p wave polarity

Year in Review: Synopsis of Selected Articles in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care from 2022

This review is a synopsis of selected articles from neuroscience, neuroanesthesia, and neurocritical care from the year 2022 (January–November 2022). The journals reviewed include anesthesia journals, critical care medicine journals, neurosurgical journals as well as high-impact medical journals such as the Lancet, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), and Stroke. The summary of important articles will serve to update the knowledge of neuroanesthesiologists and other perioperative physicians who provide care to neurosurgical and neurocritical cases

Comparison of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway placement techniques using digital, introducer tool and gum elastic bougie in anaesthetized paralyzed patients

Background:Conventionally laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is placed in the oral cavity using fingers without the need for laryngoscope. ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) placement is relatively difficult owing to its bulky design and sometimes require alternative techniques. We compared three techniques (digital, introducer-tool, gum-elastic bougie) for its placement.Methods: One hundred fifty patients of ASA class I & II of either sex, undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to one of the three groups. Standard anaesthesia protocol comprising of glycopyrrolate, thiopentone, vecuronium and halothane in oxygen plus nitrous oxide was used. Insertion attempts, success rate and time taken were noted after confirmation of proper placement. Efficacy of airway seal, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) , ease of gastric tube insertion, trauma to oropharyngeal structures, postoperative airway morbidity were noted. Haemodynamic monitoring was done throughout the procedure.Results: First attempt success rate as well as overall success rate was high in gum elastic bougie group. Although in this group insertion time was slightly longer. Airway seal was also better in this group as shown by high OLP. Airway trauma was comparable in all the three groups.Conclusions: Gum elastic bougie guided PLMA insertion is a good alternative if traditional methods of its placement fail.