Physical activity education in the undergraduate curricula of all UK medical schools: are tomorrow's doctors equipped to follow clinical guidelines?

Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of disease prevention and treatment. There is, however, a considerable disparity between public health policy, clinical guidelines and the delivery of physical activity promotion within the National Health Service in the UK. If this is to be addressed in the battle against non-communicable diseases, it is vital that tomorrow's doctors understand the basic science and health benefits of physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess the provision of physical activity teaching content in the curricula of all medical schools in the UK. Our results, with responses from all UK medical schools, uncovered some alarming findings, showing that there is widespread omission of basic teaching elements, such as the Chief Medical Officer recommendations and guidance on physical activity. There is an urgent need for physical activity teaching to have dedicated time at medical schools, to equip tomorrow's doctors with the basic knowledge, confidence and skills to promote physical activity and follow numerous clinical guidelines that support physical activity promotion

Dyadic Green's Functions and Guided Surface Waves for a Surface Conductivity Model of Graphene

An exact solution is obtained for the electromagnetic field due to an electric current in the presence of a surface conductivity model of graphene. The graphene is represented by an infinitesimally-thin, local and isotropic two-sided conductivity surface. The field is obtained in terms of dyadic Green's functions represented as Sommerfeld integrals. The solution of plane-wave reflection and transmission is presented, and surface wave propagation along graphene is studied via the poles of the Sommerfeld integrals. For isolated graphene characterized by complex surface conductivity, a proper transverse-electric (TE) surface wave exists if and only if the imaginary part of conductivity is positive (associated with interband conductivity), and a proper transverse-magnetic (TM) surface wave exists when the imaginary part of conductivity is negative (associated with intraband conductivity). By tuning the chemical potential at infrared frequencies, the sign of the imaginary part of conductivity can be varied, allowing for some control over surface wave properties.Comment: 9 figure

Exploring the S-Matrix of Massless Particles

We use the recently proposed generalised on-shell representation for scattering amplitudes and a consistency test to explore the space of tree-level consistent couplings in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. The extension of the constructible notion implied by the generalised on-shell representation, i.e. the possibility to reconstruct at tree level all the scattering amplitudes from the three-particle ones, together with the imposition of the consistency conditions at four-particle level, allow to rediscover all the known theories and their algebra structure, if any. Interestingly, this analysis seems to leave room for high-spin couplings, provided that at least the requirement of locality is weakened. We do not claim to have found tree-level consistent high-spin theories, but rather that our methods show signatures of them and very likely, with a suitable modification, they can be a good framework to perform a systematic search.Comment: 44 pages, 1 figur

Bistability and chaos at low-level of quanta

We study nonlinear phenomena of bistability and chaos at a level of few quanta. For this purpose we consider a single-mode dissipative oscillator with strong Kerr nonlinearity with respect to dissipation rate driven by a monochromatic force as well as by a train of Gaussian pulses. The quantum effects and decoherence in oscillatory mode are investigated on the framework of the purity of states and the Wigner functions calculated from the master equation. We demonstrate the quantum chaotic regime by means of a comparison between the contour plots of the Wigner functions and the strange attractors on the classical Poincar\'e section. Considering bistability at low-limit of quanta, we analyze what is the minimal level of excitation numbers at which the bistable regime of the system is displayed? We also discuss the formation of oscillatory chaotic regime by varying oscillatory excitation numbers at ranges of few quanta. We demonstrate quantum-interference phenomena that are assisted hysteresis-cycle behavior and quantum chaos for the oscillator driven by the train of Gaussian pulses as well as we establish the border of classical-quantum correspondence for chaotic regimes in the case of strong nonlinearities.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figure

Phase-locking at low-level of quanta

We discuss phase-locking phenomena at low-level of quanta for parametrically driven nonlinear Kerr resonator (PDNR) in strong quantum regime. Oscillatory mode of PDNR is created in the process of a degenerate down-conversion of photons under interaction with a train of external Gaussian pulses. We calculate the Wigner functions of cavity mode showing two-fold symmetry in phase space and analyse formation of phase-locked states in the regular as well as the quantum chaotic regime.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Designing a personal information transaction object

© 2016 IEEE. As mobile and wearable technologies grow in popularity, ever-increasing volumes of valuable, fine-grained personal information are generated as people go about their daily lives. This information may be exchanged by individuals for "free" services, but there is currently no widely adopted means by which individuals can benefit financially from their personal information. To address this problem we consider a Primary Personal Information Market (PPIM) - a market on which individuals can be financially compensated in exchange for access to their personal information. We draw on Design Science and Market Engineering to justify design choices for a permissions-based Personal Information Transaction Object (PITO), a commodity which could be successfully traded on a Primary Personal Information Market

U(1)-decoupling, KK and BCJ relations in N=4\mathcal{N}=4 SYM

We proved the color reflection relation, U(1)-decoupling, Kleiss-Kuijf and Bern-Carrasco-Johansson relation for color-ordered $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills theory using $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM version BCFW recursion relation, which depends only on the general properties of super-amplitudes. This verified the conjectured matter fields BCJ relation. We also show that color reflection relation and U(1)-decoupling relation are special cases of KK relation, if we consider the KK relation as a general relation, then the former two relations come out naturally as the special cases.Comment: 17 page

Casimir Force for Arbitrary Objects Using the Argument Principle and Boundary Element Methods

Recent progress in the simulation of Casimir forces between various objects has allowed traditional computational electromagnetic solvers to be used to find Casimir forces in arbitrary three-dimensional objects. The underlying theory to these approaches requires knowledge and manipulation of quantum field theory and statistical physics. We present a calculation of the Casimir force using the method of moments via the argument principle. This simplified derivation allows greater freedom in the moment matrix where the argument principle can be used to calculate Casimir forces for arbitrary geometries and materials with the use of various computational electromagnetic techniques.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

The Riemann Surface of a Static Dispersion Model and Regge Trajectories

The S-matrix in the static limit of a dispersion relation is a matrix of a finite order N of meromorphic functions of energy $\omega$ in the plane with cuts $(-\infty,-1],[+1,+\infty)$. In the elastic case it reduces to N functions $S_{i}(\omega)$ connected by the crossing symmetry matrix A. The scattering of a neutral pseodoscalar meson with an arbitrary angular momentum l at a source with spin 1/2 is considered (N=2). The Regge trajectories of this model are explicitly found.Comment: 5 pages, LaTe