Cyber-Attacks in IoT-enabled Cyber-physical Systems

Cyber physical systems (CPS) that are Internet of Things (IoT) enabled might be difficult to secure since security measures designed for general data / value through the development (IT / OT) systems may not work as well in a CPS environment. Consequently, this research provides a two-level ensemble attack detection and attribution framework created for CPS, and more particularly in an industrial control system (ICS). For identifying assaults in unbalanced ICS environments, a decision tree integrated to an unique ensemble deep representation learning model is created at the first extent. An ensemble deep neural network is created for assault features at the second level. Applying actual data collections from the gas pipeline and water treatment system, Findings show that the suggested type is more effective than other competing methods with a similar level of computational complexity

Polyfunctional CD4 T-cells correlating with neutralising antibody is a hallmark of COVISHIELDTM and COVAXIN® induced immunity in COVID-19 exposed Indians

Abstract Detailed characterisation of immune responses induced by COVID-19 vaccines rolled out in India: COVISHIELDTM (CS) and COVAXIN® (CO) in a pre-exposed population is only recently being discovered. We addressed this issue in subjects who received their primary series of vaccination between November 2021 and January 2022. Both vaccines are capable of strongly boosting Wuhan Spike-specific neutralising antibody, polyfunctional Th1 cytokine producing CD4+ T-cells and single IFN-γ + CD8+ T-cells. Consistent with inherent differences in vaccine platform, the vector-based CS vaccine-induced immunity was of greater magnitude, breadth, targeting Delta and Omicron variants compared to the whole-virion inactivated vaccine CO, with CS vaccinees showing persistent CD8+ T-cells responses until 3 months post primary vaccination. This study provides detailed evidence on the magnitude and quality of CS and CO vaccine induced responses in subjects with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity in India, thereby mitigating vaccine hesitancy arguments in such a population, which remains a global health challenge