Rhythm of Seasonal Development and Minor Life Cycle of Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) in Khakasia

Ритмы сезонного развития растений отражают их приспособление к окружающим эколого-ценотическим и климатическим условиям произрастания. Раскрытие закономерностей сезонного развития растений в разных фитоценозах возможно только при изучении каждого отдельного побега и хода побегообразования в целом. Материалы о сезонном ритме развития Prunella vulgaris L., имеющего циркумбореальный ареал, касаются только европейской части России. В связи с этим нами в 2012-2013 гг. в Сибири (Хакасия) изучен ритм сезонного развития и малый жизненный цикл растений Prunella vulgaris L. длиннокорневищной жизненной формы. Наблюдения за генеративными монокарпическими побегами – дициклическими среднерозеточными и озимыми моноциклическими полурозеточными – проводили в условиях лесного луга, в весенне-летне-осенний период через 5-7 дней, в зимний – 1-2 раза в месяц. В работе использована методика И.Г. Серебрякова. Установлено, что дифференциация вегетативной и генеративной сфер у побегов Prunella vulgaris L. в Сибири происходит ранней весной в год цветения особи. Растения формируют весеннюю и осеннюю генерации листьев и по характеру фенологического развития относятся к длительно вегетирующим летне-зимне-зеленым. От момента заложения до отмирания надземной части период развития дициклического среднерозеточного и озимого моноциклического полурозеточного монокарпических побегов длится 26 и 14 месяцев соответственно. При этом на внутрипочечную фазу развития приходится 8 месяцев. Продолжительность внепочечной фазы развития различается и составляет у дициклического среднерозеточного побега 18 месяцев, у озимого моноциклического полурозеточного побега всего 6 месяцев. Сроки наступления фенологических фаз (бутонизация, цветение, плодоношение, рассеивание эремов) и их продолжительность связаны с погодными условиями местообитания особей: колебаниями температуры воздуха, количеством осадков и характером их распределения, высотой снежного покрова и временем его сходаSeasonal rhythms of plant development are related to plant adaptation to surrounding ecological coenotic and climatic conditions. To discover the patterns of seasonal development of plants in different phytocoenoses, it is essential to observe individual shoots and the entire course of shoot formation. So far the data on the rhythm of seasonal development of Prunella vulgaris L., a plant of the circumboreal region, have been available for the European part of Russia only. We examined the rhythm of seasonal development and minor life cycle of Prunella vulgaris L., the long-rhizome life form, in Siberia (Khakasia) in 2012-2013. Observations were carried out in a forest meadow every 5-7 days in the spring-summer-autumn period and 1-2 times a month in the winter. The development of dicyclic meso-rosetted and winter monocyclic semi-rosetted generative monocarpic shoots was observed using the method by I.G. Serebryakov. It was determined that the differentiation of vegetative and generative spheres in Prunella vulgaris L. shoots in Siberia occurs in early spring within the year of flowering. The species forms spring and autumn leaf generations and phenologically can be described as a summer-winter green plant with a long growing season. The period of shoot development from its initiation to dying the above-ground parts lasts 26 and 14 months in dicyclic meso-rosetted shoots and winter monocyclic semi-rosetted shoots, respectively. In both cases the development of the primordial shoot inside the bud lasts 8 months while the duration of shoot development after emerging from the bud varies. The latter phase lasts 18 months in dicyclic meso-rosetted shoots and only 6 months in winter monocyclic semi-rosetted shoots. Start times and duration of phenological phases (budding, flowering, fruiting and dissemination) are related to the weather conditions in the habitats including fluctuations in air temperature, precipitation patterns and type

Features of the development of xylorhizomes in a dwarf subshrub

The development of individuals of the endemic Scutellaria mongolica in the shrubbed meadow steppe and steppe meadow in the Kemerovo region was studied. It was established that the species forms an implicit polycentric dwarf subshrub life form with xylorhizomes. In adulthood, individuals form a clump, which includes three variants of xylorhizomes, differing in the time of occurrence, the origin and type of formation shoots. In the young generative state, epigeogenic xylorhisomes of two variants develop, and in the mature generative state, hypo-epigeogenic xylorhisomes develop. In different habitats, multivariance of the development of adult individuals is observed. On a plain habitats in a steppe meadow, xylorhizomes branch in the third year, they are short, very thickened, and their life expectancy reaches 16 years. On the steep slopes in the shrubbed meadow steppe, xylorhizomes branch in the first year of their occurrence, they are long, slightly thickened, and their life expectancy is from 4 to 8 years. It was shown that the difference in the formation of xylorhisomes is one of the mechanisms for the sustainable existence of the species in different ecologo-phytocenotic conditions

Ontomorphogenesis and life form of endemic the Pamiro-Alai

The results are obtained which expand understanding of the semi-woody plant structure. Ontomorphogenesis and life form of Ziziphora interrupta Juz., growing in Tajikistan, were studied. It was established that the ontogenesis of individuals is simple, incomplete, its duration is at least 14-16 years. The multivariance of ontogenesis is revealed, expressed in the rates of development and omissions of ontogenetic states. The description of the formation shoot showed that the individual is characterized by a basisympodial growth and the formation of the life form of a dwarf subshrub