Application of secondary ion mass spectrometer for measuring the diffusion profiles in alkali-halide crystals

Depth profiles of magnesium, fluorine and oxygen impurities was examined in the surface layers of alkali-halide KBr crystals using method of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Samples of potassium bromide, coated with a surface film of magnesium fluoride were subjected to isothermal diffusion annealing in air at various times. It is shown that the diffusion of O ions occurs from the ambient atmosphere besides the diffusion of Mg and F ions during annealing of KBr crystals. Accurate estimation of the diffusion coefficients of cationic impurity Mg requires taking into account the possible interaction of this impurity and oxygen

METHODS OF DETERMINING THE SIZE OF NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT

The article discusses the methodology for determining the size of the natural (mountain) rents, developed and proposed for use in the Russian economy. Analyzes the shortcomings of techniques that are based on «extremely profitable concept of» natural rent (these techniques are based on a comparison of economic indicators, rather than the specific nature of production conditions, and may not be used in economic calculations). When determining the amount of mining rent its calculations should be based on the specific environmental conditions of mining, or indicators reflecting their (standard costs applied production technology)

METHODS OF DETERMINING THE SIZE OF NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT

The article discusses the methodology for determining the size of the natural (mountain) rents, developed and proposed for use in the Russian economy. Analyzes the shortcomings of techniques that are based on «extremely profitable concept of» natural rent (these techniques are based on a comparison of economic indicators, rather than the specific nature of production conditions, and may not be used in economic calculations). When determining the amount of mining rent its calculations should be based on the specific environmental conditions of mining, or indicators reflecting their (standard costs applied production technology)

Numerical and analytical research of the impact of decoherence on quantum circuits

Three different levels of noisy quantum schemes modeling are considered: vectors, density matrices and Choi-Jamiolkowski related states. The implementations for personal computers and supercomputers are described, and the corresponding results are shown. For the level of density matrices, we present the technique of the fixed rank approximation and show some analytical estimates of the fidelity level.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, report for the International Symposium "Quantum Informatics-2014" (QI-2014), Zvenigorod, Moscow region, October 06-10, 201

Thermodynamic models of radiation-induced processes in solids

A thermodynamic model is proposed to qualitatively describe the radiation-induced processes in solids: temperature dependence of the X-ray radio luminescence output, dependence of these processes on the excitation density, energy accumulating in a solid under exposure to ionizing radiation and its temperature dependence. The proposed model and the formula derived can be used to develop radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive materials

Diabetes mellitus and long-time outcomes of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass

BACKGROUND: the effect of diabetes mellitus on the long-term patency of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass has not been definitively determined AIM: to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on the long-term outcomes of autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass.MATERIALS AND METHODS: the results of treatment of 648 patients who underwent autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 clinical groups: the first group included 367 patients with diabetes mellitus, the second — 281 patients without the named disease. The groups did not differ significantly in the incidence of concomitant pathology.RESULTS: occlusion of the autovenous conduit within a 5-year period after surgical treatment was observed in 218 patients of the first group (59.4%) and 72 patients of the second group (25.6%) (p <0.01, χ2 = 39.05, RR = 1.78; CI = 1.53–2.12). The average service life of the autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass was 63.49 months in patients of the first group, and 107.46 months in the second. The decompensated course of diabetes mellitus was observed in 203 patients (55.2%). Among patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus, occlusion of the autovenous femoral-popliteal bypass was observed in 95 patients (46.8%), in 104 patients the autovenous conduit was passable (51.2%; p = 0.449, χ2 = 0.57). Decompensated course of diabetes mellitus may contribute to a decrease in the service life of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass.CONCLUSION: the presence of diabetes mellitus, and especially its decompensated course, can negatively affect the patency of autovenous femoro-popliteal bypass in the long term