Nano-Modification of Building Composite Structures

The paper reviews the theoretical framework of nano-modification principles of building composites and experimental verification of these principles. The concepts of nano-modification of building composite structures are studied. The paper also suggests the conceptual model of the nano-modification from the point of view of the evolutionary model of a solid-phase formation depending on the kinetics of heterogeneous processes. The technological tools of nano-modification of building composites are substantiated. Cement-based materials are shown as an object of nano-modification. Their hydration kinetics, phase composition, microstructure, and strength characteristics are investigated. The results are analyzed based on the special performance criteria which confirm that the efficiency of cement-based materials technological cycle can be improved by nano-modification

Оценка экологической ситуации на автомобильных дорогах с учетом эксплуатационных норм расхода топлива

This article proves that it is reasonable to use energy approach for valuation of ecological situations on the territories, where different kinds of roads are exploited. The work, that has been done, proves legality of consideration of the complex: «roads — motor transport environment» as a specific type of ecological-ecomonic territory. The findings indicate the possibility of quantitative assessment of the road influence on total anthropogenic impact on the territory.Показано, что для оценки экологической ситуации в территориях, на которых эксплуатируются автодороги разного типа, правомерно рассматривать комплекс «автомобильные дороги — автомобильный транспорт — окружающая среда» как специфический тип эколого-экономической территории. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о возможности количественной оценки влияния автомобильных дорог на суммарную техногенную нагрузку на территории

Crystallographic analysis of rock grain orientation at meso- and microscale levels

This paper studies the results of electron backscatter diffraction analysis of naturally deformedpolycrystalline olivine. It also defines the dependence of lattice-preferred orientations of grains on their microstructural position and size. The authors detect the basic mechanisms, consequence and thermal dynamic modes of deformation. They also show that the development of a polycrystalline structure is determined by the following consecutive activation of sliding systems (010)[100] → {0kl}[100] → (100)[010] → {100}[001] → {110}[001], when dislocation sliding and diffusion creep change under the temperature decrease from 1000°C to 650°C

Fibrinogenolytic activity of protease from the culture fluid of Pleurotus ostreatus

The use of proteases makes it possible to obtain partially hydrolyzed forms of macromolecules with unique properties. The importance of proteases for studying the structure and functions of fibrinogen forces scientists to search for new sources of highly specific proteases. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the content of the Pleurotus ostreatusculture fluid in search of fibrinogen-specific proteases. P. ostreatuswas cultured for 14 days at 27°C. The culture fluid was collected and the protein fraction was salted out with NaCl and then dialyzed. Fibrinogen hydrolysis products by P. ostreatusprotease were characterized using SDS PAGE under reducing conditions followed by immunoprobing using murine monoclonal antibodies I-5A (anti-Aα505-610) and 2d2a (anti-Bβ26-42). The study of turbidity and platelet aggregation was performed using a Multiskan FC spectrophotometric microplate reader and a SOLAR-2110 aggregometer, respectively. Electron microscopy of fibrils formed by truncated compared with native fibrins was performed using a transmission electron microscope N-600. Analysis of the products of fibrinogen hydrolysis with a fungal protease using SDS-PAGE demonstrated the cleavage of the alpha chain of fibrinogen exclusively with the formation of a truncated form of fibrinogen in which there are no C-terminal portions of αC regions with a molecular weight of 25 kDa. A study of turbidity showed that the polymerization of truncated fibrin is significantly impaired. The rate of lateral association of protofibrils significantly decreased from 1.5 to 2.2 times in the case of truncated fibrinogen compared to the native one depending on the initial concentration of fibrinogen. It was shown that platelet aggregation in the presence of fibrinogen without 25 kDa fragments of αC regions was less effective than in the presence of native fibrinogen. Application of the preparation of the fungal protease allows us to obtain high molecular forms of the fibrinogen molecule with cleaved 25 kDa peptides, which provide new information on the role of these peptides in the fibrinogen functioning

Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk

Immunoglobulins form an important component of the immunological activity found in milk and colostrum. They are central to the immunological link that occurs when the mother transfers passive immunity to the offspring. The mechanism of transfer varies among mammalian species. Cattle provide a readily available immune rich colostrum and milk in large quantities, making those secretions important potential sources of immune products that may benefit humans. Immune milk is a term used to describe a range of products of the bovine mammary gland that have been tested against several human diseases. The use of colostrum or milk as a source of immunoglobulins, whether intended for the neonate of the species producing the secretion or for a different species, can be viewed in the context of the types of immunoglobulins in the secretion, the mechanisms by which the immunoglobulins are secreted, and the mechanisms by which the neonate or adult consuming the milk then gains immunological benefit. The stability of immunoglobulins as they undergo processing in the milk, or undergo digestion in the intestine, is an additional consideration for evaluating the value of milk immunoglobulins. This review summarizes the fundamental knowledge of immunoglobulins found in colostrum, milk, and immune milk