18 research outputs found
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°
Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most commonly diagnosed brain tumor. Its management involves adjuvant therapies, such as radiation. The cause of high probability of GB local relapse is its radioresistance related to hypoxia arising from abnormal blood-brain barrier permeability in GB vessels and in the peritumoral zone (PZ).Aim: To study pathophysiology of hypoxia in the residual GB based on the abnormalities of the morphological elements of the capillary walls building up the blood-brain barrier in GB and PZ capillaries.Materials and methods: Samples for morphological evaluation were taken during surgery for GB in 5 patients. The samples were prepared for transmission electron microscopy according to the standard technique with fixation in 2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buο¬er, post-fixation with osmium tetroxide, embedding in the epon-araldite mixture, and contrast staining of ultrathin sections with uranylacetate and lead citrate. Abnormalities of the capillary cells (mitochondrial vacuolization and vacuolization of endoplasmic reticulum in endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes), as well as of the acellular element of the capillary wall, i.e. basement membrane, were assessed in two groups of capillaries β those of GB (n = 38) and those of PZ (n = 32).Results: Abnormalities characteristic for apoptosis and oncosis were found in the cells of the GB and PZ capillaries of the blood-brain barrier, such as endothelial cells and pericytes. However, in the GB capillaries these abnormalities were signifcantly more frequent (Ρ 0.001). Only half (52.6%) of the GB capillaries had an edematous pericapillary astrocyte layer. In all other capillaries, astrocyte sprouts either were visualized as separate morphological elements (13.2%) or were not visualized at all (34.2%). All PZ capillaries had the astrocyte layer, being edematous in 68.8% of the capillaries and totally edematous only in 25%. Thickened basement membrane was found in the vast majority (89.5%) of the GB capillaries and only in 25% of the PZ capillaries (Ρ 0.001).Conclusion: Findings of abnormal cell elements in the GB capillaries leading to peritumoral edema and consequent hypoxia are highly likely to be the cause of the remnant GB radioresistance.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ° (ΠΠ) β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΠ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ (ΠΠ).Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Ρ 5 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π² 2% ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡ, Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°. Π Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² β ΠΠ (n = 38) ΠΈ ΠΠ (n = 32) β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² (Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ β Π±Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ (Ρ 0,001). Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (52,6%) ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°. Π ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (13,2%), Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ (34,2%). Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π² 68,8% ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ β ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² 25%. Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ (89,5%) ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² 25% ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ (Ρ 0,001).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ
10-Gbit/s error-free transmission of 2-ps pulses over a 45-km span using distributed Raman amplification at 1300 nm
To meet the requirements of upgrading existing optical fiber networks and to considerably extend the potentially useable bandwidth in the low-loss region in optical fibers, broadband, fiber-based amplifiers outside the Er gain window are required. The wavelength flexibility of Raman fiber amplifiers make them very attractive for integration in current and future systems. Here we report the results of 10-Gbit/s, 2-ps transmission at 1300 nm using distributed Raman amplification. Almost no penalty has been observed for the experimental situation where the system loss was directly compensated by the Raman gain and where an excess gain of +8 dB was achieve
Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Phagocytic Activity of Macrophages of Bone Marrow and Fetal Origin
We compared phagocytic activity of macrophages of monocyte origin and Kupffer cells under the influence of M1 and M2 inducers and without activation. Cultures of monocyte-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells were characterized by intensive expression of CD68 that was not affected by activation factors. At the same time, these cultures demonstrated different dynamics of phagocytic activity. Monocyte-derived macrophages initially had more pronounced absorption capacity that gradually increased during the experiment. Kupffer cells were characterized by abrupt fluctuations of phagocytic activity: sharp growth and rapid saturation. Despite these differences, the endosomes produced by monocyte-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells had similar degrees of maturity. Β© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature