18 research outputs found

    Роль ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ гСматоэнцСфаличСского Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π° Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ радиорСзистСнтности глиобластомы Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°

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    Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most commonly diagnosed brain tumor. Its management involves adjuvant therapies, such as radiation. The cause of high probability of GB local relapse is its radioresistance related to hypoxia arising from abnormal blood-brain barrier permeability in GB vessels and in the peritumoral zone (PZ).Aim: To study pathophysiology of hypoxia in the residual GB based on the abnormalities of the morphological elements of the capillary walls building up the blood-brain barrier in GB and PZ capillaries.Materials and methods: Samples for morphological evaluation were taken during surgery for GB in 5 patients. The samples were prepared for transmission electron microscopy according to the standard technique with fixation in 2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, post-fixation with osmium tetroxide, embedding in the epon-araldite mixture, and contrast staining of ultrathin sections with uranylacetate and lead citrate. Abnormalities of the capillary cells (mitochondrial vacuolization and vacuolization of endoplasmic reticulum in endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes), as well as of the acellular element of the capillary wall, i.e. basement membrane, were assessed in two groups of capillaries – those of GB (n = 38) and those of PZ (n = 32).Results: Abnormalities characteristic for apoptosis and oncosis were found in the cells of the GB and PZ capillaries of the blood-brain barrier, such as endothelial cells and pericytes. However, in the GB capillaries these abnormalities were signifcantly more frequent (Ρ€ 0.001). Only half (52.6%) of the GB capillaries had an edematous pericapillary astrocyte layer. In all other capillaries, astrocyte sprouts either were visualized as separate morphological elements (13.2%) or were not visualized at all (34.2%). All PZ capillaries had the astrocyte layer, being edematous in 68.8% of the capillaries and totally edematous only in 25%. Thickened basement membrane was found in the vast majority (89.5%) of the GB capillaries and only in 25% of the PZ capillaries (Ρ€ 0.001).Conclusion: Findings of abnormal cell elements in the GB capillaries leading to peritumoral edema and consequent hypoxia are highly likely to be the cause of the remnant GB radioresistance.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Глиобластома (Π“Π‘) – Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ часто диагностируСмая ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π°Π΄ΡŠΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ лСчСния, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ высокой вСроятности возникновСния мСстного Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° Π“Π‘ считаСтся Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, обусловлСнная Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ гипоксии Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ проницаСмости гСматоэнцСфаличСского Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π° Π² сосудах Π“Π‘ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ (ΠŸΠ—).ЦСль – ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· гипоксии Π² области Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π“Π‘ Π½Π° основании Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ± измСнСниях морфологичСских элСмСнтов сосудистой стСнки капилляров, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… гСматоэнцСфаличСский Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€ Π² капиллярах Π“Π‘ ΠΈ ΠŸΠ—.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠœΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ Π² процСссС удалСния Π“Π‘ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Ρƒ 5 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° для исслСдования ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ трансмиссионной элСктронной микроскопии осущСствляли ΠΏΠΎ стандартной ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ с фиксациСй ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² Π² 2% растворС Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π° фосфатном Π±ΡƒΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅, постфиксациСй тСтраоксидом осмия, Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² смСсь эпона ΠΈ Π°Ρ€Π°Π»Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΈ контрастированиСм ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ… срСзов ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ свинца. Π’ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… капилляров – Π“Π‘ (n = 38) ΠΈ ΠŸΠ— (n = 32) – ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтах капилляров (вакуолизация ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ вакуолизация эндоплазматичСского Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡƒΠΌΠ° Π² эндотСлиоцитС, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈ астроцитС), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ состояниС Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ элСмСнта капиллярной стСнки – базальной ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ВыявлСно Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… для Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтах, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… гСматоэнцСфаличСский Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€ Π² капиллярах Π“Π‘ ΠΈ ΠŸΠ—, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ эндотСлиоциты ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. Однако Π² капиллярах Π“Π‘ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ измСнСния Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ (Ρ€ 0,001). Волько Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (52,6%) капилляров Π“Π‘ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ пСрикапиллярный астроцитарный слой, находящийся Π² состоянии ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π’ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… случаях астроцитарныС отростки Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… структурных элСмСнтов (13,2%), Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ (34,2%). Π’ капиллярах ΠŸΠ— астроцитарный слой ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» мСсто Π²ΠΎ всСх Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ…, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ Π² 68,8% капилляров, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ – Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² 25%. Π Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ базальной ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ (89,5%) капилляров Π“Π‘ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² 25% капилляров ΠŸΠ— (Ρ€ 0,001).Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ измСнСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов капилляров Π“Π‘, ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ слСдствиС, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ гипоксии, с высокой ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡŽ вСроятности слуТат ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ радиорСзистСнтности Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π“Π‘

    10-Gbit/s error-free transmission of 2-ps pulses over a 45-km span using distributed Raman amplification at 1300 nm

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    To meet the requirements of upgrading existing optical fiber networks and to considerably extend the potentially useable bandwidth in the low-loss region in optical fibers, broadband, fiber-based amplifiers outside the Er gain window are required. The wavelength flexibility of Raman fiber amplifiers make them very attractive for integration in current and future systems. Here we report the results of 10-Gbit/s, 2-ps transmission at 1300 nm using distributed Raman amplification. Almost no penalty has been observed for the experimental situation where the system loss was directly compensated by the Raman gain and where an excess gain of +8 dB was achieve

    Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Phagocytic Activity of Macrophages of Bone Marrow and Fetal Origin

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    We compared phagocytic activity of macrophages of monocyte origin and Kupffer cells under the influence of M1 and M2 inducers and without activation. Cultures of monocyte-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells were characterized by intensive expression of CD68 that was not affected by activation factors. At the same time, these cultures demonstrated different dynamics of phagocytic activity. Monocyte-derived macrophages initially had more pronounced absorption capacity that gradually increased during the experiment. Kupffer cells were characterized by abrupt fluctuations of phagocytic activity: sharp growth and rapid saturation. Despite these differences, the endosomes produced by monocyte-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells had similar degrees of maturity. Β© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
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