16 research outputs found
Organizational-psychological factors of stress tolerance in the professional activity of doctors and dentists
Resource-based approach to defining human resource policy in medical organizations
Purpose of work β analysis of modern scientific literature on the resource approach to the definition of personnel policy in medical organizations, analysis of personnel management system, personnel policy in a particular medical organization, justification of definition: "Personnel policy is personnel management, which is carried out taking into account the levels of organizational and economic, socio-psychological (huemonizing), legal, technical (5S, lean production, medical organization of a new type), training and pedagogical (mentoring) in combination and interrelation with the determining role of socioeconomic factors of the surrounding society"Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ- ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Ρ
ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΉΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³), ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (5S, Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°), ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ) Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°Β»
Organizational-psychological factors of motivation to use oral irrigator in pregnant women with initial forms of inflammatory periodontal diseases
Dentistry is not a discipline that stands outside the modern trends of development of medicine. The study of subjective picture of the disease all the more apparent becomes the central element in the analysis of the patient's personal perspective. The subjective (inner) picture of the disease (WKB) begins to speak to the doctor and dentist as a magnifying glass, allowing a glimpse into the inner world of the patient. The results of the research and abroad, and in our country show that pregnant women should be put on record a gynecologist at the same time with the production of a dentist and perinatal psychology. Expectant mother should not be left alone with the anxieties and fears, especially if you are having problems with their health and (or) the child-bearing child. It is necessary and attend spouse perinatal psychologist to prepare for the role of the father. Integrative biopsychosocial approach, ie a combination of biological (medical), psychological and social constructs in a single theoretical model aimed at a better understanding of the patterns and relationships processes associated with reproduction - the basis of comprehensive care for pregnant women.Π‘ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ (Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ) ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ (ΠΠΠ) Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ. ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ) Π²ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ³Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, Ρ.Π΅. ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
), ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ - ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
Medical stress in children: features of emergence and overcoming
The article considers medical stress as a special phenomenon having both physiological and psychological characteristics. As a result of literature review and theoretical analysis, some biological and psychological factors of stress reactions in children during pathological processes and medical manipulations are differentiated. The influence of medical stress on further mental development and the risk of destructive personal changes is considered. The approaches to overcoming medical stress in children under outpatient or inpatient treatment are analyzed. Psychological technologies effective for the formation of effective coping strategies are described.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½Π³-ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ
Mentoring and adaptation of young professionals
Mentoring is one of the resources for the development of any medical institution and an integral element of personnel policy, as well as a means of psychological adaptation and training of medical workers who are first employed in a medical institution after graduation.ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ