Characterization of Shewanella sp. Isolated from Cultured Loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Shewanella infection of fish has become a significant problem in aquaculture. In September 2014, a disease was seen in cultured loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in Xuzhou, central China. A gram-negative bacillus was isolated from the diseased loaches and was tentatively named strain MS1, which was then identified as Shewanella sp. by physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis. The strain MS1 showed highest 16S rRNA sequence identities (98.93%, 98.87%) with the latest two species listed (Shewanella sp. MR7, Shewanella sp. MR4). The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences strongly indicated that the strain MS1 is most closely related to the new Shewanella strains MR7 and MR4. The isolate MS1 was confirmed as the pathogen of the infected loaches by experimental reinoculation. The strain was susceptible to most antimicrobial agents tested, but resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin) and lincosamide (lincomycin, clindamycin). This is the second report on Shewanella sp. isolated from the diseased loach

Method for Flow Measurement in Microfluidic Channels Based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

We have developed and characterized two novel micro flow sensors based on measuring the electrical impedance of the interface between the flowing liquid and metallic electrodes embedded on the channel walls. These flow sensors are very simple to fabricate and use, are extremely compact and can easily be integrated into most microfluidic systems. One of these devices is a micropore with two tantalum/platinum electrodes on its edges; the other is a micro channel with two tantalum /platinum electrodes placed perpendicular to the channel on its walls. In both sensors the flow rate is measured via the electrical impedance between the two metallic electrodes, which is the impedance of two metal-liquid junctions in series. The dependency of the metal-liquid junction impedance on the flow rate of the liquid has been studied. The effects of different parameters on the sensor's outputs and its noise behavior are investigated. Design guidelines are extracted and applied to achieve highly sensitive micro flow sensors with low noise.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Microsatellite-Based Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Artificial Hybrid Jiyan-1 Puffer and their Parents, Takifugu flavidus and Takifugu rubripes

In this study, the genetic diversity and relationship of artificial hybrid Jiyan-1 puffer and their parents (T. flavidus ♀ and T. rubripes ♂) were evaluated using 15 microsatellite markers. The average number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and expected heterozygosity (He) of T. flavidus were higher than the average values of T. rubripes. Jiyan-1 puffer showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity, with an average allele number of 6.467 and mean observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.560 and 0.592, respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that Jiyan-1 puffer inherited more genetic information from female parents. This study indicates that the microsatellite markers will be useful for investigation of genetic background of puffer fish, as well as better conservation and sustainable utilization of puffer fish in aquaculture

Syntheses of stereoregular and optically active polyamides from active 4-chloro-1-benzotriazolyl diesters and diamines

A new route to prepare optically active polyamides was established, based on the polycondensation of two new active diesters: the active diesters of 4-chloro-1 hydroxybenzotriazole, such as 1,1'-(terephthaloyldioxy)bis(4-chloro-benzotriazole), and 1,1'-(isophthaloyldioxy)bis(4-chlorobenzotriazole), with optically active isomers of 2,4-diaminopentane. Dipolar aprotic solvents such as N , N -dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide were used as reaction solvents. The solution polycondensation carried out in solution at room temperature afforded optically active polyamides. The aminolysis of the two active diesters was carried out as a model reaction study.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38817/1/080240106_ftp.pd

Study of Cluster Formation Algorithm for Aquaculture WSN Based on Cross-Layer Design

International audienceAquaculture WSN is composed of a large number of nodes with different monitoring function. In this paper, we present a cluster formation algorithm in Sensor MAC for event-driven Aquaculture WSN. The technique proposed is based on cross-layer design which is adopted to reduce the energy waste and guarantee the data transmissions. The event-driven Aquaculture WSN is simulated by OPNET and MATLAB. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol saves node energy, shortens average packet latency, and improves event detection reliability

Analysis of changes in nutrient salts and other water quality indexes in the pond water for largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) farming

To explore the changes in nitrite nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and water temperature over time and the correlations and mutual influences between these indexes in the traditional farming of largemouth bass, this study selected three ponds in Lizigu Farm in Baodi District of Tianjin, China as research objects. From May to October 2021, nutrient salts and other water quality indexes in the ponds were measured, and water samples were collected at different depths for repetition, Water is collected from the ponds using Plexiglas samplers and sent back to the lab for determination of water quality indexes using our national laboratory standards. According to the analysis of the measurement results, in traditional farming, nitrite nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and water temperature in the ponds for largemouth bass all change significantly over time, with different changing trends and certain correlations with each other. In particular, nutrient salts indexes in ponds are influenced by other water quality indexes, human activities, and phytoplankton. During the breeding process, strengthening the dynamic monitoring of nutrient salts and other water quality indexes in the ponds and adjusting the nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia levels in the ponds artificially play an important role in preventing eutrophication in the water and promoting the green and sustainable production of pond ecosystems, in particular, allowing better quality growth of the largemouth bass, as well as ensuring the production and economic efficiency. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for further optimization of traditional pond aquaculture in similar regions, in order to provide aquatic products with better quality and achieve higher economic benefits

Effects of taurine levels in feed on blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant indexes of Cynoglossus semilaevis and their responses to fishing stress

Cynoglossus semilaevis blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant indexes that respond to fishing stress were measured under the influence of different feed taurine levels. With taurine levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, 4 groups of test feeds were prepared. After 28 days of feeding. Serum was collected before stress and at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, 96 h after stress to determine the content of total protein, cholesterol, GPT, GOT, nitric oxide, lysozyme, blood sugar and the activity of glutathione (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (AOC), the results show: Feeding a feed with a taurine content of 0.5% has a better inhibitory effect on cholesterol and GOT in Cynoglossus semilaevis after fishing stress, and has obvious anti-stress effect on lysozyme and protein. The 0.5% group had the lowest MDA content 12 h after fishing stress. The results suggested that feeding the feed with a taurine content of 0.5%, the Cynoglossus semilaevis blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant indexes to fishing stress has a better response

Natural exosomes-like nanoparticles in mung bean sprouts possesses anti-diabetic effects via activation of PI3K/Akt/GLUT4/GSK-3β signaling pathway

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Mung bean sprouts are traditionally considered a “folk” hypoglycemic food and their pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of the exosomes-like nanoparticles in mung bean sprouts (MELNs) and explore the related molecular mechanisms. Results MELNs were isolated using a differential centrifugation-polyethylene glycol (PEG) method, and the identification of MELNs were confirmed by PAGE gel electrophoresis, agarose gel electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) mouse model, MELNs ameliorated the progression of T2DM by increasing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) results, decreasing the fasting blood glucose level, and reducing the serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Histopathological examinations indicated MELNs diminished inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes and amplified the area of islet B cells. In addition, MELNs decreased the oxidative stress levels in liver tissue and had good biocompatibility. In vitro experiments verified that MELNs improved the viability of glucosamine (GlcN) induced insulin-resistant hepatocytes. Furthermore, this study also revealed that MELNs upregulated GLUT4 & Nrf2 and down-regulated GSK-3β via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1 and SOD, to reduce oxidative stress. Conclusion MELNs mitigated the progression of type 2 diabetes in HFD/STZ mouse model. The underlying molecular mechanism is related to PI3K/Akt/GLUT4/GSK-3β signaling pathway

Metabolic Intervention Liposome Boosted Lung Cancer Radio‐Immunotherapy via Hypoxia Amelioration and PD‐L1 Restraint

Abstract At present, radiotherapy (RT) still acquires limited success in clinical due to the lessened DNA damage under hypoxia and acquired immune tolerance owing to the amplified programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression. Incredibly, intracellular PD‐L1 expression depression is proven to better sensitize RT by inhibiting DNA damage repair. However, the disability of the clinically used antibodies in disrupting the extracellular PD‐L1function still limits the effectiveness of radio‐immunotherapy. Therefore, better PD‐L1 regulation strategies are still urgently needed to better sensitize radio‐immunotherapy. Hence, for this purpose, TPP‐LND is synthesized by linking mitochondrial‐targeted triphenylphosphine cations (TPP+) to the antineoplastic agent lonidamine (LND), which significantly reduces the dose needed for LND to induce effective oxidative phosphorylation inhibition (2 vs 300 µM). Then, TPP‐LND is wrapped with liposomes to form TPP‐LND@Lip nanoparticles. By doing this, TPP‐LND@Lip nanoparticles can sensitize RT by reversing the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors to generate more DNA damage and reducing the expression of PD‐L1 via enhancing the adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activation. As expected, these well‐designed economical TPP‐LND@Lip nanoparticles are more effective than conventional anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies to some extent