Data Analysis Model for Computed Tomography Usage

Radiology medicine is one of the fields experiencing extremely rapid development in modern medicine. Among these fields, computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in medical clinical diagnosis. However, computed tomography have high medical costs due to expensive medical equipment, the use of contrast agents, professional radiographers operating the equipment, and the need for radiologists to interpret reports. In the current medical environment where Taiwan implements a global budget system, the rationality of the number of computed tomography examinations has always been a focus of concern. In this study, we employed Royce\u27s waterfall model to develop a cloud-based and mobile bed dynamic model system. The primary research objective was to provide supervisors with the latest data analysis model for CT usage

Optimal generation of spatially coherent soft X-ray isolated attosecond pulses in a gas-filled waveguide using two-color synthesized laser pulses

We numerically demonstrate the generation of intense, low-divergence soft X-ray isolated attosecond pulses in a gas-filled hollow waveguide using synthesized few-cycle two-color laser waveforms. The waveform is a superposition of a fundamental and its second harmonic optimized such that highest harmonic yields are emitted from each atom. We then optimize the gas pressure and the length and radius of the waveguide such that bright coherent high-order harmonics with angular divergence smaller than 1 mrad are generated, for photon energy from the extreme ultraviolet to soft X-rays. By selecting a proper spectral range enhanced isolated attosecond pulses are generated. We study how dynamic phase matching caused by the interplay among waveguide mode, neutral atomic dispersion, and plasma effect is achieved at the optimal macroscopic conditions, by performing time-frequency analysis and by analyzing the evolution of the driving laser’s electric field during the propagation. Our results, when combined with the on-going push of high-repetition-rate lasers (sub- to few MHz’s) may eventually lead to the generation of high-flux, low-divergence soft X-ray tabletop isolated attosecond pulses for applications.Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 30916011207)United States. Department of Energy. Office of Science (Grant No. DE-FG02-86ER13491)United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550- 14-1-0255

DEMO: Dose Exploration, Monitoring, and Optimization Using a Biological Mediator for Clinical Outcomes

Phase 1-2 designs provide a methodological advance over phase 1 designs for dose finding by using both clinical response and toxicity. A phase 1-2 trial still may fail to select a truly optimal dose. because early response is not a perfect surrogate for long term therapeutic success. To address this problem, a generalized phase 1-2 design first uses a phase 1-2 design's components to identify a set of candidate doses, adaptively randomizes patients among the candidates, and after longer follow up selects a dose to maximize long-term success rate. In this paper, we extend this paradigm by proposing a design that exploits an early treatment-related, real-valued biological outcome, such as pharmacodynamic activity or an immunological effect, that may act as a mediator between dose and clinical outcomes, including tumor response, toxicity, and survival time. We assume multivariate dose-outcome models that include effects appearing in causal pathways from dose to the clinical outcomes. Bayesian model selection is used to identify and eliminate biologically inactive doses. At the end of the trial, a therapeutically optimal dose is chosen from the set of doses that are acceptably safe, clinically effective, and biologically active to maximize restricted mean survival time. Results of a simulation study show that the proposed design may provide substantial improvements over designs that ignore the biological variable