25,044 research outputs found
Inverting estimating equations for causal inference on quantiles
The causal inference literature frequently focuses on estimating the mean of
the potential outcome, whereas the quantiles of the potential outcome may carry
important additional information. We propose a universal approach, based on the
inverse estimating equations, to generalize a wide class of causal inference
solutions from estimating the mean of the potential outcome to its quantiles.
We assume that an identifying moment function is available to identify the mean
of the threshold-transformed potential outcome, based on which a convenient
construction of the estimating equation of quantiles of potential outcome is
proposed. In addition, we also give a general construction of the efficient
influence functions of the mean and quantiles of potential outcomes, and
identify their connection. We motivate estimators for the quantile estimands
with the efficient influence function, and develop their asymptotic properties
when either parametric models or data-adaptive machine learners are used to
estimate the nuisance functions. A broad implication of our results is that one
can rework the existing result for mean causal estimands to facilitate causal
inference on quantiles, rather than starting from scratch. Our results are
illustrated by several examples
Apparent horizon and gravitational thermodynamics of Universe in the Eddington-Born-Infeld theory
The thermodynamics of Universe in the Eddington-Born-Infeld (EBI) theory was
restudied by utilizing the holographic-style gravitational equations that
dominate the dynamics of the cosmical apparent horizon and the
evolution of Universe. We started in rewriting the EBI action of the Palatini
approach into the Bigravity-type action with an extra metric . With
the help of the holographic-style dynamical equations, we discussed the
property of the cosmical apparent horizon including timelike,
spacelike and null characters, which depends on the value of the parameter of
state in EBI Universe. The unified first law for the gravitational
thermodynamics and the total energy differential for the open system enveloped
by in EBI Universe were obtained. Finally, applying the
positive-heat-out sign convention, we derived the generalized second law of
gravitational thermodynamics in EBI universe.Comment: 23 pages, 0 figure
Deciphering a novel image cipher based on mixed transformed Logistic maps
Since John von Neumann suggested utilizing Logistic map as a random number
generator in 1947, a great number of encryption schemes based on Logistic map
and/or its variants have been proposed. This paper re-evaluates the security of
an image cipher based on transformed logistic maps and proves that the image
cipher can be deciphered efficiently under two different conditions: 1) two
pairs of known plain-images and the corresponding cipher-images with
computational complexity of ; 2) two pairs of chosen plain-images
and the corresponding cipher-images with computational complexity of ,
where is the number of pixels in the plain-image. In contrast, the required
condition in the previous deciphering method is eighty-seven pairs of chosen
plain-images and the corresponding cipher-images with computational complexity
of . In addition, three other security flaws existing in most
Logistic-map-based ciphers are also reported.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Holographic Mutual Information of Two Disjoint Spheres
We study quantum corrections to holographic mutual information for two
disjoint spheres at a large separation by using the operator product expansion
of the twist field. In the large separation limit, the holographic mutual
information is vanishing at the semiclassical order, but receive quantum
corrections from the fluctuations. We show that the leading contributions from
the quantum fluctuations take universal forms as suggested from the boundary
CFT. We find the universal behavior for the scalar, the vector, the tensor and
the fermionic fields by treating these fields as free fields propagating in the
fixed background and by using the 1/n prescription. In particular, for the
fields with gauge symmetries, including the massless vector boson and massless
graviton, we find that the gauge parts in the propagators play indispensable
role in reading the leading order corrections to the bulk mutual information.Comment: 37 pages, 1 figure; significant revisions, corrected the discussions
on the computations of the mutual information in CFT, conclusions unchange
AIGC In China: Current Developments And Future Outlook
The increasing attention given to AI Generated Content (AIGC) has brought a
profound impact on various aspects of daily life, industrial manufacturing, and
the academic sector. Recognizing the global trends and competitiveness in AIGC
development, this study aims to analyze China's current status in the field.
The investigation begins with an overview of the foundational technologies and
current applications of AIGC. Subsequently, the study delves into the market
status, policy landscape, and development trajectory of AIGC in China,
utilizing keyword searches to identify relevant scholarly papers. Furthermore,
the paper provides a comprehensive examination of AIGC products and their
corresponding ecosystem, emphasizing the ecological construction of AIGC.
Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and risks faced by the AIGC
industry while presenting a forward-looking perspective on the industry's
future based on competitive insights in AIGC
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