On Convergence of Tracking Differentiator with Multiple Stochastic Disturbances

In this paper, the convergence and noise-tolerant performance of a tracking differentiator in the presence of multiple stochastic disturbances are investigated for the first time. We consider a quite general case where the input signal is corrupted by additive colored noise, and the tracking differentiator itself is disturbed by additive colored noise and white noise. It is shown that the tracking differentiator tracks the input signal and its generalized derivatives in mean square and even in almost sure sense when the stochastic noise affecting the input signal is vanishing. Some numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical results

In Vitro Study on Apoptosis Induced by Strontium-89 in Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line

Many radiopharmaceuticals used for medical diagnosis and therapy are beta emitters; however, the mechanism of the cell death caused by beta-irradiation is not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the apoptosis of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell lines induced by Strontium-89 (89Sr) and its regulation and control mechanism. High-metastatic Breast Carcinoma MCF-7 cells were cultured in vitro using 89Sr with different radioactive concentration. The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was measured by MTT color matching method. The cell cycle retardation, apoptosis conditions, mitochondrion transmembrane potential difference and Fas expression were tested and analyzed. The genes P53 and bcl-2 expressions was also analyzed using immunity histochemical analysis. After being induced by 89Sr with various of radioactive concentration, it was found that the inhibition of cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells was obviously, the retardation of cell cycle occurred mainly in G2-M. It was also found that the obvious apoptosis occurred after being induced by 89Sr, the highest apoptosis rate reached 46.28%. The expressions of Fas acceptor and P53 gene increased, while bcl-2 gene expression decreasesd. These findings demonstrate that in the ranges of a certain radioactive concentration, the inhibition rate of MCF-7 cell proliferation and retardation of cell cycle had positive correlation with the concentration of 89Sr. And the mitochondrion transmembrane potential decrease would induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cell notably, which were controlled by P53 and bcl-2 genes, involved with the Fas acceptor

DPM-Solver++: Fast Solver for Guided Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Models

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved impressive success in high-resolution image synthesis, especially in recent large-scale text-to-image generation applications. An essential technique for improving the sample quality of DPMs is guided sampling, which usually needs a large guidance scale to obtain the best sample quality. The commonly-used fast sampler for guided sampling is DDIM, a first-order diffusion ODE solver that generally needs 100 to 250 steps for high-quality samples. Although recent works propose dedicated high-order solvers and achieve a further speedup for sampling without guidance, their effectiveness for guided sampling has not been well-tested before. In this work, we demonstrate that previous high-order fast samplers suffer from instability issues, and they even become slower than DDIM when the guidance scale grows large. To further speed up guided sampling, we propose DPM-Solver++, a high-order solver for the guided sampling of DPMs. DPM-Solver++ solves the diffusion ODE with the data prediction model and adopts thresholding methods to keep the solution matches training data distribution. We further propose a multistep variant of DPM-Solver++ to address the instability issue by reducing the effective step size. Experiments show that DPM-Solver++ can generate high-quality samples within only 15 to 20 steps for guided sampling by pixel-space and latent-space DPMs

Desolvation map of the i-face of phospholipase A2

AbstractThe changes in the microenvironment of the Trp-3 on the i-face of pig pancreatic IB phospholipase A2 (PLA2) provide a measure of the tight contact (Ramirez and Jain, Protein Sci. 9, 229–239, 1991) with the substrate interface during the processive interfacial turnover. Spectral changes from the single Trp-substituent at position 1, 2, 6, 10, 19, 20, 31, 53, 56 or 87 on the surface of W3F PLA2 are used to probe the Trp-environment. Based on our current understanding only the residue 87 is away from i-face, therefore all other mutants are well suited to report modest differences along the i-face. All Trp-mutants bind tightly to anionic vesicles. Only those with Trp at 1, 2 or 3 near the rim of the active site on the i-face cause significant perturbation of the catalytic functions. Most other Trp-mutants showed < 3-fold change in the interfacial processive turnover rate and the competitive inhibition by MJ33. Binding of calcium to the enzyme in the aqueous phase had modest effect on the Trp-emission intensity. However, on the binding of the enzyme to the interface the fluorescence change is large, and the rate of oxidation of the Trp-substituent with N-bromosuccinimide depends on the location of the Trp-substituent. These results show that the solvation environment of the Trp-substituents on the i-face is shielded in the enzyme bound to the interface. Additional changes are noticeable if the active site of the bound enzyme is also occupied, however, the catalytically inert zymogen of PLA2 (proPLA2) does not show such changes. Significance of these results in relation to the changes in the solvent accessibility and desolvation of the i-face of PLA2 at the interface is discussed

Positive correlation between fatty liver index and hyperuricemia in hypertensive Chinese adults: a H-type hypertension registry study

BackgroundFew studies have examined the relationship between fatty liver index (FLI) and hyperuricemia (HUA). This study explores the relationship between FLI and HUA in hypertensive patients.MethodsA total of 13,716 hypertensive subjects were included in the current study. FLI, a simple index calculated from triglycerides (TG), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and γ -glutamyltransferase (GGT), was used as a useful predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) distribution. HUA was defined as serum uric acid ≥ 360 μmol/L for females and ≥ 420 μmol/L for males.ResultsThe mean value of total FLI was 31.8 ± 25.1. Multiple logistic analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between FLI and HUA (OR, 1.78; 95% CI: 1.69–1.87). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that the correlation between FLI (&lt; 30 vs. ≥ 30) and HUA was significant in both sexes (P for interaction = 0.006). Further analyses stratified by sex indicated a positive correlation between FLI and HUA prevalence among male and female subjects. However, the correlation between FLI and HUA was stronger in female subjects than in males (male: OR, 1.70; 95% CI: 1.58–1.83; female: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.73–1.98).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a positive correlation between FLI and HUA in hypertensive adults, but stronger in females than males

Analysis of morphological differences among different populations of golden pompano (<em>Trachinotus ovatus</em>)

To explore the external morphological differences of golden pompano in different geographical populations, eight quantitative traits of 210 samples from seven golden pompano populations were measured. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, and One-way ANOVA, were used to compare morphological differences among the populations. Principal component analysis extracted the top five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.79%, of which the first three principal components could explain seven morphological features. The principal component scatter plot showed that the NH, CH, and LL populations had similar morphology. Using the stepwise discriminant method to establish the classification and discrimination functions of the seven populations, the discrimination accuracy of the DL population was 93.3% for P1 and 87.5% for P2, which was the highest, and the comprehensive discrimination rate was 71.4%. The clustering relationship diagram showed that the populations were divided into three branches, and the CH and NH populations were closest. In contrast, the DL and HF populations were farthest from the other populations. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences (P<0.05) among all traits of the populations, and the morphological differences between the HX and DL populations were the largest. The results of this study showed specific differences in the external morphology of golden pompano among different populations

Transcriptome analysis of the allometric growth of golden pompano (<em>Trachinotus ovatus</em>) following soybean meal feed

Golden pompano (*Trachinotus ovatus*) is a marine fish of great commercial value. It was selected for a study on allometric growth using fermented soybean meal (SBM) as the primary protein source during an 8-week culture period. By comparing the gene expression levels of different individuals in the fermented soybean meal group, we discovered that 1026 genes exhibited significant changes in slow and fast-growth individuals. Among these genes, 358 showed high expression levels, while 668 showed low ones. Subsequently, we conducted go function annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on all the significantly differentially expressed genes. This analysis revealed that many of these genes were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, steroid biosynthesis, glyceride metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamate metabolism. Identifying these differentially expressed genes is a foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind growth and development. Additionally, it provides valuable gene data for future studies on the cloning and expression of growth-related genes and offers insights for subsequent biological research