Search for Large Rapidity Gap Events in e^+ e^- Annihilation

We investigate the cross-section for the production of a low-mass colour-singlet cluster in $e^+e^-$ annihilation with a large rapidity gap between the colour-singlet cluster and the other jets. It is argued that such events are the cross-channel analogue of large-rapidity-gap events in deep-inelastic scattering, and therefore could in principle be used to investigate the analytic continuation of the BFKL pomeron to the positive-$t$ kinematic regime, where one would expect the trajectory to pass through glueball states. The cross section can be calculated in perturbative QCD, so that the infrared scale arising from non-perturbative effects, which prevents an exponential fall-off with rapidity gap in the case of deep-inelastic scattering, is absent in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation. Correspondingly, the cross section for such events decreases rapidly with increasing rapidity gap.Comment: LATEX file - 21 pages + 15 figure

Lie group classifications and exact solutions for time-fractional Burgers equation

Lie group method provides an efficient tool to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper suggests a fractional Lie group method for fractional partial differential equations. A time-fractional Burgers equation is used as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the Lie group method and some classes of exact solutions are obtained.Comment: 9 pp, accepte

Graded Symmetry Algebras of Time-Dependent Evolution Equations and Application to the Modified KP equations

By starting from known graded Lie algebras, including Virasoro algebras, new kinds of time-dependent evolution equations are found possessing graded symmetry algebras. The modified KP equations are taken as an illustrative example: new modified KP equations with $m$ arbitrary time-dependent coefficients are obtained possessing symmetries involving $m$ arbitrary functions of time. A particular graded symmetry algebra for the modified KP equations is derived in this connection homomorphic to the Virasoro algebras.Comment: 19 pages, latex, to appear in J. Nonlinear Math. Phy

Effects of buoyancy on premixed flame stabilization

The stabilization limits of v-flame and conical flames are investigated in normal gravity (+g) and reversed gravity (up-side-down burner, -g) to compare with observations of flame stabilization during microgravity experiments. The results show that buoyancy has most influence on the stabilization of laminar V-flames. Under turbulent conditions, the effects are less significant. For conical flames stabilized with a ring, the stabilization domain of the +g and -g cases are not significantly different. Under reversed gravity, both laminar v-flames and conical flames show flame behaviors that were also found in microgravity. The v-flames reattached to the rim and the conical flame assumed a top-hat shape. One of the special cases of -g conical flame is the buoyancy stabilized laminar flat flame that is detached from the burner. These flame implies a balance between the flow momentum and buoyant forces. The stretch rates of these flames are sufficiently low (< 20 s{sup -1}) such that the displacement speeds S{sub L} are almost equal to the laminar burning speed S{sub L}{sup 0}. An analysis based on evaluating the Richardson number is used to determine the relevant parameters that describe the buoyancy/momentum balance. A perfect balance i.e. Ri = l can be attained when the effect of heat loss from the flame zone is low. For the weaker lean cases, our assumption of adiabaticity tends to overestimate the real flame temperature. This interesting low stretch laminar flame configuration can be useful for fundamental studies of combustion chemistry

Communication and optimal hierarchical networks

We study a general and simple model for communication processes. In the model, agents in a network (in particular, an organization) interchange information packets following simple rules that take into account the limited capability of the agents to deal with packets and the cost associated to the existence of open communication channels. Due to the limitation in the capability, the network collapses under certain conditions. We focus on when the collapse occurs for hierarchical networks and also on the influence of the flatness or steepness of the structure. We find that the need for hierarchy is related to the existence of costly connections.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. NATO ARW on Econophysic

Finite size effects with variable range exchange coupling in thin-film Pd/Fe/Pd trilayers

The magnetic properties of thin-film Pd/Fe/Pd trilayers in which an embedded ~1.5 A-thick ultrathin layer of Fe induces ferromagnetism in the surrounding Pd have been investigated. The thickness of the ferromagnetic trilayer is controlled by varying the thickness of the top Pd layer over a range from 8 A to 56 A. As the thickness of the top Pd layer decreases, or equivalently as the embedded Fe layer moves closer to the top surface, the saturated magnetization normalized to area and the Curie temperature decrease whereas the coercivity increases. These thickness-dependent observations for proximity-polarized thin-film Pd are qualitatively consistent with finite size effects that are well known for regular thin-film ferromagnets. The critical exponent $\beta$ of the order parameter (magnetization) is found to approach the mean field value of 0.5 as the thickness of the top Pd layer increases. The functional forms for the thickness dependences, which are strongly modified by the nonuniform exchange interaction in the polarized Pd, provide important new insights to understanding nanomagnetism in two-dimensions.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JMM

Fuel Effects on a Low-Swirl Injector for Lean Premixed Gas Turbines

Laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the fuel effects on the turbulent premixed flames produced by a gas turbine low-swirl injector (LSI). The lean-blow off limits and flame emissions for seven diluted and undiluted hydrocarbon and hydrogen fuels show that the LSI is capable of supporting stable flames that emit &lt; 5 ppm NO{sub x} ({at} 15% O{sub 2}). Analysis of the velocity statistics shows that the non-reacting and reacting flowfields of the LSI exhibit similarity features. The turbulent flame speeds, S{sub T}, for the hydrocarbon fuels are consistent with those of methane/air flames and correlate linearly with turbulence intensity. The similarity feature and linear S{sub T} correlation provide further support of an analytical model that explains why the LSI flame position does not change with flow velocity. The results also show that the LSI does not need to undergo significant alteration to operate with the hydrocarbon fuels but needs further studies for adaptation to burn diluted H{sub 2} fuels

η−η′\eta-\eta^\prime mixing and the next-to-leading-order power correction

The next-to-leading-order $O(1/Q^4)$ power correction for $\eta\gamma$ and $\eta^\prime\gamma$ form factors are evaluated and employed to explore the $\eta-\eta^\prime$ mixing. The parameters of the two mixing angle scheme are extracted from the data for form factors, two photon decay widths and radiative $J/\psi$ decays. The $\chi^2$ analysis gives the result: $f_{\eta_1}=(1.16\pm0.06)f_\pi, f_{\eta_8}=(1.33\pm0.23)f_\pi, \theta_1=-9^\circ\pm 3^\circ, \theta_8=-21.3^\circ\pm 2.3^\circ$, where $f_{\eta_{1(8)}}$ and $\theta_{1(8)}$ are the decay constants and the mixing angles for the singlet (octet) state. In addition, we arrive at a stringent range for $f_{\eta^\prime}^c:-10$ MeV$\le f_{\eta^\prime}^c\le -4$ MeV.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, To be publshied in Phys. Rev.

Critical points in a relativistic bosonic gas induced by the quantum structure of spacetime

It is well known that phase transitions arise if the interaction among particles embodies an attractive as well as a repulsive contribution. In this work it will be shown that the breakdown of Lorentz symmetry, characterized through a deformation in the relation dispersion, plus the bosonic statistics predict the emergence of critical points. In other words, in some quantum gravity models the structure of spacetime implies the emergence of critical points even when no interaction among the particle has been considered.Comment: 5 pages, no figure