van der Waals Heterostructures of Germanene, Stanene and Silicene with Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Their Topological Domain Walls

We investigate van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures made of germanene, stanene or silicene with hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN). The intriguing topological properties of these buckled honeycomb materials can be maintained and further engineered in the heterostructures, where the competition between the substrate effect and external electric fields can be used to control the tunable topological phase transitions. Using such heterostructures as building blocks, various vdW topological domain walls (DW) are designed, along which there exist valley polarized quantum spin Hall edge states or valley-contrasting edge states which are protected by valley(spin)- resolved topological charges and can be tailored by the patterning of the heterojunctions and by external fields.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, to appear in pr

Basic theory of a class of linear functional differential equations with multiplication delay

By introducing a kind of special functions namely exponent-like function, cosine-like function and sine-like function, we obtain explicitly the basic structures of solutions of initial value problem at the original point for this kind of linear pantograph equations. In particular, we get the complete results on the existence, uniqueness and non-uniqueness of the initial value problems at a general point for the kind of linear pantograph equations.Comment: 44 pages, no figure. This is a revised version of the third version of the paper. Some new results and proofs have been adde

Asymptotic Analysis for Low-Resolution Massive MIMO Systems with MMSE Receiver

The uplink achievable rate of massive multiple- input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are assumed to equip at the base station (BS), is investigated in this paper. We assume that only imperfect channel station information is known at the BS. Then a new MMSE receiver is designed by taking not only the Gaussian noise, but also the channel estimation error and quantizer noise into account. By using the Stieltjes transform of random matrix, we further derive a tight asymptotic equivalent for the uplink achievable rate with proposed MMSE receiver. We present a detailed analysis for the number of BS antennas through the expression of the achievable rates and validate the results using numerical simulations. It is also shown that we can compensate the performance loss due to the low-resolution quantization by increasing the number of antennas at the BS.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Semi-infinite cohomology and Kazhdan-Lusztig equivalence at positive level

A positive level Kazhdan-Lusztig functor is defined using Arkhipov-Gaitsgory duality for affine Lie algebras. The functor sends objects in the DG category of G(O)-equivariant positive level affine Lie algebra modules to objects in the DG category of modules over Lusztig's quantum group at a root of unity. We prove that the semi-infinite cohomology functor for positive level modules factors through the Kazhdan-Lusztig functor at positive level and the quantum group cohomology functor with respect to the positive part of Lusztig's quantum group.Comment: 38 page

Transient behavior of the solutions to the second order difference equations by the renormalization method based on Newton-Maclaurin expansion

The renormalization method based on the Newton-Maclaurin expansion is applied to study the transient behavior of the solutions to the difference equations as they tend to the steady-states. The key and also natural step is to make the renormalization equations to be continuous such that the elementary functions can be used to describe the transient behavior of the solutions to difference equations. As the concrete examples, we deal with the important second order nonlinear difference equations with a small parameter. The result shows that the method is more natural than the multi-scale method.Comment: 12 page

The renormalization method from continuous to discrete dynamical systems: asymptotic solutions, reductions and invariant manifolds

The renormalization method based on the Taylor expansion for asymptotic analysis of differential equations is generalized to difference equations. The proposed renormalization method is based on the Newton-Maclaurin expansion. Several basic theorems on the renormalization method are proven. Some interesting applications are given, including asymptotic solutions of quantum anharmonic oscillator and discrete boundary layer, the reductions and invariant manifolds of some discrete dynamics systems. Furthermore, the homotopy renormalization method based on the Newton-Maclaurin expansion is proposed and applied to those difference equations including no a small parameter.Comment: 24 pages.arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1605.0288

The geometrical origins of some distributions and the complete concentration of measure phenomenon for mean-values of functionals

We derive out naturally some important distributions such as high order normal distributions and high order exponent distributions and the Gamma distribution from a geometrical way. Further, we obtain the exact mean-values of integral form functionals in the balls of continuous functions space with $p-$norm, and show the complete concentration of measure phenomenon which means that a functional takes its average on a ball with probability 1, from which we have nonlinear exchange formula of expectation.Comment: 8 page

Infinite-dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi theory and LL-integrability

The classical Liouvile integrability means that there exist $n$ independent first integrals in involution for $2n$-dimensional phase space. However, in the infinite-dimensional case, an infinite number of independent first integrals in involution don't indicate that the system is solvable. How many first integrals do we need in order to make the system solvable? To answer the question, we obtain an infinite dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi theory, and prove an infinite dimensional Liouville theorem. Based on the theorem, we give a modified definition of the Liouville integrability in infinite dimension. We call it the $L$-integrability. As examples, we prove that the string vibration equation and the KdV equation are $L$-integrable. In general, we show that an infinite number of integrals is complete if all action variables of a Hamilton system can reconstructed by the set of first integrals.Comment: 13 page

Average values of functionals and concentration without measure

Although there doesn't exist the Lebesgue measure in the ball $M$ of $C[0,1]$ with $p-$norm, the average values (expectation) $EY$ and variance $DY$ of some functionals $Y$ on $M$ can still be defined through the procedure of limitation from finite dimension to infinite dimension. In particular, the probability densities of coordinates of points in the ball $M$ exist and are derived out even though the density of points in $M$ doesn't exist. These densities include high order normal distribution, high order exponent distribution. This also can be considered as the geometrical origins of these probability distributions. Further, the exact values (which is represented in terms of finite dimensional integral) of a kind of infinite-dimensional functional integrals are obtained, and specially the variance $DY$ is proven to be zero, and then the nonlinear exchange formulas of average values of functionals are also given. Instead of measure, the variance is used to measure the deviation of functional from its average value. $DY=0$ means that a functional takes its average on a ball with probability 1 by using the language of probability theory, and this is just the concentration without measure. In addition, we prove that the average value depends on the discretization.Comment: 32 page

d+id' Chiral Superconductivity in Bilayer Silicene

We investigate the structure and physical properties of the undoped bilayer silicene through first-principles calculations and find the system is intrinsically metallic with sizable pocket Fermi surfaces. When realistic electron-electron interaction turns on, the system is identified as a chiral d+id' topological superconductor mediated by the strong spin fluctuation on the border of the antiferromagnetic spin density wave order. Moreover, the tunable Fermi pocket area via strain makes it possible to adjust the spin density wave critical interaction strength near the real one and enables a high superconducting critical temperature