71,774 research outputs found
Micro milling performance assessment of diamond-like carbon coatings on a micro-end mill
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2013 Institution of Mechanical Engineers.In micro milling, unpredictable tool life and premature tool failures are the major constraints for its industrial applications, and prolongation of the tool life so as to enhance the tooling performance presents great challenges. Appropriate coating techniques potentially offer a feasible and promising solution. In this study, diamond-like carbon films are deposited on a Ø500 µm diameter tungsten carbide (WC) micro-end mill by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition process. Coating characterisation has been undertaken and the diamond-like carbon coatings are found in good coverage on the tool except for a slight delaminating on the edge corners. Besides, the surface of the amorphous coatings is much smoother than that of WC. In addition, comprehensive cutting performance of the diamond-like carbon coated tool in dry slot milling of Al 6061-T6 has been compared with those of uncoated tools in both dry and wet conditions. It is observed that the use of diamond-like carbon coatings can reduce the cutting forces, lessen the tool wear, improves the surface roughness and minimise the micro-burr formation as compared to the corresponding performance of an uncoated tool in dry cutting. However, the performance improvement is still unreachable to those resulting from the cutting fluid influence.UK Technology Strategy Board and Kistler UK Ltd
Constraints on extra-dimensions and variable constants from cosmological gamma ray bursts
The observation of the time delay between the soft emission and the
high-energy radiation from cosmological gamma ray bursts can be used as an
important observational test of multi-dimensional physical theories. The main
source of the time delay is the variation of the electromagnetic coupling, due
to dimensional reduction, which induces an energy dependence of the speed of
light. For photons with energies around 1 TeV, the time delay could range from
a few seconds in the case of Kaluza-Klein models to a few days for models with
large extra-dimensions. Based on these results we suggest that the detection of
the 18-GeV photon 4500 s after the keV/MeV burst in GRB 940217 provides
a strong evidence for the existence of extra-dimensions. The time delay of
photons, if observed by the next generation of high energy detectors, like, for
example, the SWIFT and GLAST satellite based detectors, or the VERITAS
ground-based TeV gamma-ray instrument, could differentiate between the
different models with extra-dimensions.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the II
Workshop on Unidentified Gamma-Ray Sources, Hong Kong, June 1-4, 200
Calculation of Radiative Corrections to E1 matrix elements in the Neutral Alkalis
Radiative corrections to E1 matrix elements for ns-np transitions in the
alkali metal atoms lithium through francium are evaluated. They are found to be
small for the lighter alkalis but significantly larger for the heavier alkalis,
and in the case of cesium much larger than the experimental accuracy. The
relation of the matrix element calculation to a recent decay rate calculation
for hydrogenic ions is discussed, and application of the method to parity
nonconservation in cesium is described
Electron-positron energy deposition rate from neutrino pair annihilation on the rotation axis of neutron and quark stars
We investigate the deposition of energy due to the annihilations of neutrinos
and antineutrinos on the rotation axis of rotating neutron and quark stars,
respectively. The source of the neutrinos is assumed to be a neutrino-cooled
accretion disk around the compact object. Under the assumption of the
separability of the neutrino null geodesic equation of motion we obtain the
general relativistic expression of the energy deposition rate for arbitrary
stationary and axisymmetric space-times. The neutrino trajectories are obtained
by using a ray tracing algorithm, based on numerically solving the
Hamilton-Jacobi equation for neutrinos by reversing the proper time evolution.
We obtain the energy deposition rates for several classes of rotating neutron
stars, described by different equations of state of the neutron matter, and for
quark stars, described by the MIT bag model equation of state and in the CFL
(Color-Flavor-Locked) phase, respectively. The electron-positron energy
deposition rate on the rotation axis of rotating neutron and quark stars is
studied for two accretion disk models (isothermal disk and accretion disk in
thermodynamical equilibrium). Rotation and general relativistic effects modify
the total annihilation rate of the neutrino-antineutrino pairs on the rotation
axis of compact stellar, as measured by an observer at infinity. The
differences in the equations of state for neutron and quark matter also have
important effects on the spatial distribution of the energy deposition rate by
neutrino-antineutrino annihilation.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
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