The diffusion dynamics of the informal sector and sustainable WEEE supply chain

Literature indicates that the main obstacle to better manage existing WEEE recycling supply chain in the developing countries is lake of environmental laws and/or lax enforcement, particularly in control instruments to overcome the difficulty of informal e-waste processing firms and its supply chain. Policy makers may rely on new legislative framework to control environmental performance and the health impacts of pollution; however, this strategy is not clearly effective as the informal nature of this supply chain blocks the enforcement efforts and causes the high cost of monitoring. Hence, it is definitely crucial to understand the interaction between the environmental policy options and economic consideration when achieving the sustainability of operations across the WEEE supply chain. In this study, we propose the simplest form of epidemic spreading, namely a criss-cross epidemic model, and aim to examine the legislative stringency for observing the diffusion dynamics of informal and formal sectors in an e-waste recycling system. We find that a diffusion threshold does exist and it is related to the regulatory stringency. Effective population changes dramatically if it grows beyond this diffusion threshold. In particular, a government agency is able to layout a minimal regulatory stringency so that the participants of the informal sector diminish quickly and eventually cease while the economy remains unhurt. We use a simplified numerical study to test the proposed criss-cross epidemic model. Based on significant findings, this paper provides managerial implications for developing the new environmental legislative framework which is not only feasible but also beneficial to achieving the sustainable WEEE supply chain.Environmental issue, regulatory stringency issue, epidemiological model, informal sector-diffusion, sustainable WEEE supply chain

Effective e-waste management-The role of international cooperation and fragementation

E-waste problems related to trade in wastes and informal recycling in the developing countries address environmental, social, and economic effects. Moreover, given on multiple aspect considerations, it is found that currently recycling fragmentation trade presents. This paper first reviews the driving forces of international trade in wastes and characters fragmentation in recycling industry. In the premise that environments and economic/social benefits can be exchanged among countries, we offer managerial conditions on international cooperation solution that increases e-waste treatment cooperation and fragmentation and contributes to effective e-waste management.e-waste management, recycling fragmentation trade, international cooperation importing countries, exporting countries, environment

Smoothened adopts multiple active and inactive conformations capable of trafficking to the primary cilium.

Activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling requires the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. In mammals, Smo translocates to the primary cilium upon binding of Hh ligands to their receptor, Patched (Ptch1), but it is unclear if ciliary trafficking of Smo is sufficient for pathway activation. Here, we demonstrate that cyclopamine and jervine, two structurally related inhibitors of Smo, force ciliary translocation of Smo. Treatment with SANT-1, an unrelated Smo antagonist, abrogates cyclopamine- and jervine-mediated Smo translocation. Further, activation of protein kinase A, either directly or through activation of Galphas, causes Smo to translocate to a proximal region of the primary cilium. We propose that Smo adopts multiple inactive and active conformations, which influence its localization and trafficking on the primary cilium

Eyeriss v2: A Flexible Accelerator for Emerging Deep Neural Networks on Mobile Devices

A recent trend in DNN development is to extend the reach of deep learning applications to platforms that are more resource and energy constrained, e.g., mobile devices. These endeavors aim to reduce the DNN model size and improve the hardware processing efficiency, and have resulted in DNNs that are much more compact in their structures and/or have high data sparsity. These compact or sparse models are different from the traditional large ones in that there is much more variation in their layer shapes and sizes, and often require specialized hardware to exploit sparsity for performance improvement. Thus, many DNN accelerators designed for large DNNs do not perform well on these models. In this work, we present Eyeriss v2, a DNN accelerator architecture designed for running compact and sparse DNNs. To deal with the widely varying layer shapes and sizes, it introduces a highly flexible on-chip network, called hierarchical mesh, that can adapt to the different amounts of data reuse and bandwidth requirements of different data types, which improves the utilization of the computation resources. Furthermore, Eyeriss v2 can process sparse data directly in the compressed domain for both weights and activations, and therefore is able to improve both processing speed and energy efficiency with sparse models. Overall, with sparse MobileNet, Eyeriss v2 in a 65nm CMOS process achieves a throughput of 1470.6 inferences/sec and 2560.3 inferences/J at a batch size of 1, which is 12.6x faster and 2.5x more energy efficient than the original Eyeriss running MobileNet. We also present an analysis methodology called Eyexam that provides a systematic way of understanding the performance limits for DNN processors as a function of specific characteristics of the DNN model and accelerator design; it applies these characteristics as sequential steps to increasingly tighten the bound on the performance limits.Comment: accepted for publication in IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems. This extended version on arXiv also includes Eyexam in the appendi

COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION OF ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF A COMMERCIAL CAR

Engine cooling system one of the important parts for a vehicle which it responsible is to maintain the engine temperature to work at an optimum temperature. Heat transfer coefficient of engine coolant is an important aspect in the performance of engine cooling system. This paper analyses on the simulation of coolant performance in an engine cooling system by using different concentration (0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5%) MWCNT nanoparticles in water/ethylene glycol based multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and lastly comparison between the base coolant which is ethylene glycol + water. As many researchers had proved that nanofluid’s heat transfer properties had improved compared to base coolan