Comparative Studies between the Regional Economic Growth Levels Based on the Three-Stage Weight Dynamic Comprehensive Evaluation

Part 5: Modelling and SimulationInternational audienceThis paper proposes a dynamic comprehensive evaluation method based on three times weight. Firstly, this paper determines the index weight based on the twice stage difference driving features. Then it introduces the relative balance coefficient to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value. This method has the following characteristics: 1) The comprehensive evaluation result is totally based on the information provided by the evaluating indicator system, without the influence from subjective factors; 2) The results have direct comparability among different evaluation systems at each time; 3) Motivation or punishment are the characteristics of this method. This approach has been applied to an empirical study of the regional economic growth level during the years of 2001 and 2011. Finally this paper makes related suggestions to the economic development of eight domestic economic regions

Design and Simulation of Two Stage Pressure-controlling Anti-overflow Breathing Valve in Tanker

The effect of breathing and anti-overflow of the breathing valve mounted on petroleum tank have great influences on the safety of the whole truck. This paper designs one kind of new two stage pressure-controlling anti-overflow breathing valve. The 3D model of the breathing valve is built in Pro/E, and the kinetics analysis of the key point of the breathing valve is done in ADAMS, which can provide theoretic guidance for designer to optimize structural design

A new superimposed model of the Tongnanba anticline in northeastern Sichuan and its exploration implications

Understanding the structural style, kinematic process, and timing of superimposed structures worldwide is often difficult due to complex structure deformation process. Fortunately, the newly acquired high-quality seismic reflection data and geological observations covering the Tongnanba anticline provide an excellent chance to characterize such structures. Here, we used geological and seismic data from the Tongnanba region to evaluate the structural style and deformation sequence of Tongnanba anticline. In this regard, we propose a new model of the northeastern Sichuan Basin, which are different from the model that deep structures formed earlier than shallow structures demonstrated by previous studies, and we also discussed the implications of this new model for the deep oil and gas exploration. Compressed by Micangshan and Dabashan thrust belts and controlled by three detachment layers, the Tongnanba anticline shows a complex multi-stage, multi-directional, and multi-level superimposed structure. There were three deformation layers vertically, leading to the multi-level detachment thrust structure style. Specifically, the upper and middle deformation layers were mainly controlled by South Dabashan thrust belt in the early stage, forming long-distance detachment thrust structure extended in the NW-SE direction. A series of pop-up structures propagated toward the upper and middle detachment layers. On the other hand, the lower deformation layer was primarily controlled by the Micangshan thrust belt in the late stage, forming complex basement faults extended in the NE-SW direction, which was consistent with Trishear fault-propagation fold. Along the basement detachment developed multiple branch slopes spread from northeast to southwest. The middle and upper deformation layers was transformed by the basement faults, thus forming the complex superimposed structure of north-south zonation and east-west segmentation at present. It was such complex superimposed structure that control the process of hydrocarbon accumulation and adjustment in each deformation layer, and the deep-ultra-deep ancient oil and gas reservoirs may be worth of exploring

LKB1 suppression promotes cardiomyocyte regeneration via LKB1-AMPK-YAP axis

The regenerative potential of cardiomyocytes in adult mammals is limited. Previous studies reported that cardiomyocyte proliferation is suppressed by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The role of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), as the major upstream kinase for AMPK, on cardiomyocyte proliferation is unclear. In this study, we found that the LKB1 levels rapidly increased after birth. With loss- and gain-of-function study, our data demonstrated that LKB1 levels negatively correlate with cardiomyocyte proliferation. We next identified Yes-associated protein (YAP) as the downstream effector of LKB1 using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Our results also demonstrated that AMPK plays an essential role in Lkb1 knockdown-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Importantly, deactivated AMPK abolished the LKB1-mediated regulation of YAP nuclear translocation and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, our findings suggested the role of LKB1-AMPK-YAP axis during cardiomyocyte proliferation, which could be used as a potential target for inducing cardiac regeneration after injury

Three potential exploration areas of Southern Junggar Basin, NW China: Arguments from structural modeling

Three potential exploration fields of the Southern Junggar Basin are proposed and discussed through seismic structural interpretation and three-dimensional geological modeling based on quantitative structural analysis techniques. The first field comprises Tertiary imbricate wedges in the core of the second anticlinal belt. These small-scale wedges contribute to different properties of oil, gas and water in different parts of the same anticline. The second field consists of deep Mesozoic structures of the Jurassic-Cretaceous fault-bend folds, which are different in sequences and levels from the overlying Tertiary wedges. The third field is composed of the lateral transfer structures mainly in the second anticlinal belt, which are formed by transfer action between adjacent anticlines. Identification of the above three structural types must be based on pertinent seismic deployment and imagery processing. For the exploration of deep structures, a three-dimensional medium model, in which shear module, Lame's constants and density are specified to truly represent mechanical properties of the rock units, must be constructed first to calculate the restoration strains within the model by using the volumetric restoration technique. The strain data can help predict the fracture azimuth, density and intensity of deep reservoirs. Key words: structural wedge, deep structure, transfer zone, restoration strain, Southern Junggar Basi

Discussions on the character and interpretation model of Kelasu deep structures in the Kuqa area

The character and interpretation model of deep structures in the Kelasu belt are discussed from growth strata, thrusting sequence, salt accumulation, and imbricate patterns between the shallow and deep structures. Seismic data shows that the fold hinges of growth strata in the south limb migrate toward north from deep to shallow, the growth axial surface connected along these fold hinges dips southward, and strata thickness in its south are thicker than that in the north. These characteristics of growth strata are completely different from that of basement-involved structures and salt structures. By the kinematic analysis of faults on the southern and northern sides of the Kela-2 structure, the northern fault is considered to thrust northward and form Kela-2 structure firstly, and then be cut through by the southern fault. Strong thrusting of the southern fault caused the Kela-2 structure to uplift several kilometers, and made the peripheral plastic rocks passively flow and accumulate in the footwall, this course is very similar to the pump suction. Based on this model, the sub-salt and sub-coal thrusting systems are interpreted in the deep Kelasu belt. In the sub-salt structural layer, the remaining lower part of Kela-2 structure in the footwall of its southern fault is the northern Keshen anticlinal belt. The discovery of the northern Keshen anticlinal belt and the Jurassic sub-coal thrusting structures greatly widens the exploration scope of the Kelasu belt, showing an enormous exploration potential. 摘要: ： 从构造生长方式、冲断序列、盐聚集以及深浅层构造的叠置关系探讨克拉苏深部构造的性质与解释模型。地震反射资料表明，克拉苏深部构造南翼生长地层的褶皱枢纽由深至浅向北偏移，这些枢纽连线构成的生长轴面南倾，其北侧地层的厚度明显要比南侧薄，此种生长地层结构与基底卷入式构造和盐构造作用下的生长地层结构完全不同。通过对克拉2构造南北两侧断层的运动学分析，认为北侧断层首先向北逆冲形成了克拉2构造，然后被后期更强烈的南侧断层切割，造成克拉2构造逾千米的垂向抬升，由此产生“泵吸”效应使周围塑性岩层向断裂下盘流入和聚集。据此模式建立的克拉苏深部构造解释方案由古近系盐下和侏罗系煤下两套冲断系统组成，其中在盐下构造内部，被切割的克拉2构造的下半部分即是克深北背斜。克深北背斜带和侏罗系煤下冲断构造的发现，不仅拓宽了克拉苏构造带的勘探范围，也显示其尚有巨大的勘探潜力。图8参25 Key words: growth strata, pump suction, salt accumulation, sub-salt thrust system, sub-coal thrust system, Kelasu structural bel

Kinematic classification, structural modeling and prospective fields of the foreland thrust belts in Midwest China

According to the distribution and transfer directions of thrust displacements under which the size, shape and pattern of thrust belt are controlled, the foreland thrust belts are classified into four types in middle and western China: (1) Type I, all the fault displacements in the thrust belt transfer from the mountain front to the basin along detachment. This type is the most popular in central and western China and can be divided into three subtypes: Kuche type, southwestern Sichuan type and Jiuquan type. (2) Type II, represented by southern Junggar Basin, in which there are fault displacements transferring to both basin and orogenic belt directions. (3) Type III, represented by Fusha thrust belt in southwestern Tarim Basin, in which all the fault displacements transfer toward the mountain front as deep structural wedges propagating toward the basin direction. (4) Type IV, represented by southwestern and northern Qaidam Basin, in which the transfer of fault displacements is restrained by the size, shape and boundary of the basin, and the stable foreland part and typical wedge sedimentary structure not produced. On basis of the above four types and the modeling of complicated structures, four new exploration areas are identified: the deep imbricate structural wedges in southern Junggar Basin, late Paleozoic passive continental margin sequence under the reverse Cambrian nappe in northwestern Sichuan, under-coal structures in middle and eastern Kuche, and footwall covered structures in northwestern Junggar Basin. Key words: foreland thrust belt, complex structural analysis, kinematic classification, structural modeling, restoration strain, Midwest Chin

Comparison of eltrombopag and avatrombopag in the treatment of refractory/relapsed aplastic anemia: a single-center retrospective study in China

Background: Eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA), has been approved for relapsed/refractory aplastic anemia (AA). However, data on avatrombopag (AVA), another TPO-RA, are limited, and the comparisons between the two TPO-RAs are lacking. Objectives: We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between ELT and AVA in relapsed/refractory AA patients. Design: In this retrospective study, patients with relapsed/refractory AA who had been treated with ELT ( N  = 45) or AVA ( N  = 30) alone and had compatible baseline hematological parameters were compared. Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with acquired AA were retrospectively collected. All patients were refractory/relapsed to standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for at least 6 months before ELT or AVA. Patients had to be treated with ELT or AVA alone for at least 6 months before evaluation if they did not respond. Baseline characteristics, overall response (OR), complete response (CR), relapse, adverse events, and factors that may affect efficacy were analyzed. Results: Of the 75 patients enrolled, 45 received ELT and 30 received AVA. Patients with AVA had a higher percentage of abnormal liver or renal function than those with ELT ( p =  0.036). No significant difference was found in the OR/CR rate in the first/second/third/sixth month between the two cohorts ( p >  0.05). Patients treated with AVA had a shorter median time to response than those treated with ELT ( p =  0.012) and had a higher platelet level in the second month ( p =  0.041). AVA had fewer adverse events than ELT ( p =  0.046). Under compatible follow-up time ( p =  0.463), no difference was found between the ELT and AVA cohorts in relapse ( p =  1.000) or clone evolution ( p =  0.637). No predictive factors for OR and CR in the sixth month were found for either ELT or AVA. Conclusion: With worse liver or renal function, AVA had a similar OR/CR rate but a shorter median time to response and fewer adverse events for patients with relapsed/refractory AA

What is the relationship between health-related quality of life among scoliosis patients and their caregiver burden? A cross-sectional study in China

Abstract: Background Caregivers play a vital role in the recovery of scoliosis patients, but limited studies evaluate the caregivers' HRQoL and burden in health care. This study aimed to explore the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of scoliosis patients and their caregivers, and identify the factors influencing caregiver burden in Eastern China.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2018 to January 2019 at the Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China. The HRQoL of scoliosis patients was measured by the Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r), five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) and Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D). The caregivers' questionnaires consist of the EQ-5D-5L, WHO-five wellbeing index (WHO-5), 22-item Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI-22) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to estimate the relationship among caregivers' burden, social support, HRQoL, and SWB. Cohen's effect size (Cohen's d) was used to assess the ZBI-22 total score between different groups. Multiple stepwise hierarchical linear regression models were conducted to assess the associated factors of caregiver burden.Results There were 59 scoliosis patients and their caregivers (n = 59) included in the analysis. The mean health state utility of adolescent scoliosis patients (n = 39) was 0.718 (95%CI: 0.654, 0.782) based on CHU9D and adult scoliosis patients (n = 20) was 0.663 (95%CI: 0.471, 0.855) based on EQ-5D-5L. The mean health state utility of male scoliosis patients (0.792/0.667) was higher than females (0.681/0.662) based on CHU9D and EQ-5D-5L (p > 0.05), respectively. The ZBI-22 total score of scoliosis patients' caregivers was 27.86 (SD: 20.59). Scoliosis patients' HRQoL was significantly inversely correlated with caregiver burden, and the HRQoL and subjective wellbeing (SWB) of caregivers were moderately and inversely correlated with caregiver burden. The regression results showed that the patients' age and caregivers' SWB were key characteristics associated with caregiver burden.Conclusions The caregiver burden of adolescent patients was higher than that of adult patients, and the satisfaction rate of adolescent scoliosis patients was higher than that of adult scoliosis patients. Improving the functional state of scoliosis patients and providing appropriate nursing practice education from health professionals would be necessary to effectively improve caregivers SWB and alleviate caregiver burden

Identifying Forest Fire Driving Factors and Related Impacts in China Using Random Forest Algorithm

Reasonable forest fire management measures can effectively reduce the losses caused by forest fires and forest fire driving factors and their impacts are important aspects that should be considered in forest fire management. We used the random forest model and MODIS Global Fire Atlas dataset (2010~2016) to analyse the impacts of climate, topographic, vegetation and socioeconomic variables on forest fire occurrence in six geographical regions in China. The results show clear regional differences in the forest fire driving factors and their impacts in China. Climate variables are the forest fire driving factors in all regions of China, vegetation variable is the forest fire driving factor in all other regions except the Northwest region and topographic variables and socioeconomic variables are only the driving factors of forest fires in a few regions (Northwest and Southwest regions). The model predictive capability is good: the AUC values are between 0.830 and 0.975, and the prediction accuracy is between 70.0% and 91.4%. High fire hazard areas are concentrated in the Northeast region, Southwest region and East China region. This research will aid in providing a national-scale understanding of forest fire driving factors and fire hazard distribution in China and help policymakers to design fire management strategies to reduce potential fire hazards