3,083 research outputs found
The quantum probability ranking principle for information retrieval
While the Probability Ranking Principle for Information Retrieval provides the basis for formal models, it makes a very strong assumption regarding the dependence between documents. However, it has been observed that in real situations this assumption does not always hold. In this paper we propose a reformulation of the Probability Ranking Principle based on quantum theory. Quantum probability theory naturally includes interference effects between events. We posit that this interference captures the dependency between the judgement of document relevance. The outcome is a more sophisticated principle, the Quantum Probability Ranking Principle, that provides a more sensitive ranking which caters for interference/dependence between documents’ relevanc
Electromagnetic properties of graphene junctions
A resonant chiral tunneling (CT) across a graphene junction (GJ) induced by
an external electromagnetic field (EF) is studied. Modulation of the electron
and hole wavefunction phases by the external EF during the CT
processes strongly impacts the CT directional diagram. Therefore the a.c.
transport characteristics of GJs depend on the EF polarization and frequency
considerably. The GJ shows great promises for various nanoelectronic
applications working in the THz diapason.Comment: 4 pages 3 figure
Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light
Electromagnetically induced transparency in an optically thick, cold medium
creates a unique system where pulse-propagation velocities may be orders of
magnitude less than and optical nonlinearities become exceedingly large. As
a result, nonlinear processes may be efficient at low-light levels. Using an
atomic system with three, independent channels, we demonstrate a quantum
interference switch where a laser pulse with an energy density of
photons per causes a 1/e absorption of a second pulse.Comment: to be published in PR
Inflationary potentials in DBI models
We study DBI inflation based upon a general model characterized by a
power-law flow parameter and speed of
sound , where and are constants.
We show that in the slow-roll limit this general model gives rise to distinct
inflationary classes according to the relation between and and
to the time evolution of the inflaton field, each one corresponding to a
specific potential; in particular, we find that the well-known canonical
polynomial (large- and small-field), hybrid and exponential potentials also
arise in this non-canonical model. We find that these non-canonical classes
have the same physical features as their canonical analogs, except for the fact
that the inflaton field evolves with varying speed of sound; also, we show that
a broad class of canonical and D-brane inflation models are particular cases of
this general non-canonical model. Next, we compare the predictions of
large-field polynomial models with the current observational data, showing that
models with low speed of sound have red-tilted scalar spectrum with low
tensor-to-scalar ratio, in good agreement with the observed values. These
models also show a correlation between large non-gaussianity with low tensor
amplitudes, which is a distinct signature of DBI inflation with large-field
polynomial potentials.Comment: Minor changes, reference added. Version submitted to JCA
Multidimensional Quasi-Monte Carlo Malliavin Greeks
We investigate the use of Malliavin calculus in order to calculate the Greeks
of multidimensional complex path-dependent options by simulation. For this
purpose, we extend the formulas employed by Montero and Kohatsu-Higa to the
multidimensional case. The multidimensional setting shows the convenience of
the Malliavin Calculus approach over different techniques that have been
previously proposed. Indeed, these techniques may be computationally expensive
and do not provide flexibility for variance reduction. In contrast, the
Malliavin approach exhibits a higher flexibility by providing a class of
functions that return the same expected value (the Greek) with different
accuracies. This versatility for variance reduction is not possible without the
use of the generalized integral by part formula of Malliavin Calculus. In the
multidimensional context, we find convenient formulas that permit to improve
the localization technique, introduced in Fourni\'e et al and reduce both the
computational cost and the variance. Moreover, we show that the parameters
employed for variance reduction can be obtained \textit{on the flight} in the
simulation. We illustrate the efficiency of the proposed procedures, coupled
with the enhanced version of Quasi-Monte Carlo simulations as discussed in
Sabino, for the numerical estimation of the Deltas of call, digital Asian-style
and Exotic basket options with a fixed and a floating strike price in a
multidimensional Black-Scholes market.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure
Primordial Trispectrum from Entropy Perturbations in Multifield DBI Model
We investigate the primordial trispectra of the general multifield DBI
inflationary model. In contrast with the single field model, the entropic modes
can source the curvature perturbations on the super horizon scales, so we
calculate the contributions from the interaction of four entropic modes
mediating one adiabatic mode to the trispectra, at the large transfer limit
(). We obtained the general form of the 4-point correlation
functions, plotted the shape diagrams in two specific momenta configurations,
"equilateral configuration" and "specialized configuration". Our figures showed
that we can easily distinguish the two different momenta configurations.Comment: 17pages, 7 figures, version to appear in JCA
The (p,q) String Tension in a Warped Deformed Conifold
We find the tension spectrum of the bound states of p fundamental strings and
q D-strings at the bottom of a warped deformed conifold. We show that it can be
obtained from a D3-brane wrapping a 2-cycle that is stabilized by both electric
and magnetic fluxes. Because the F-strings are Z_M-charged with non-zero
binding energy, binding can take place even if (p,q) are not coprime.
Implications for cosmic strings are briefly discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
Assessing the effect of beard hair lengths on face masks used as personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Background Globally, a large percentage of men keep a beard at least occasionally. Workplace regulations prohibit beards with N95 respirators, but there is little information on the effect of beards with face masks worn by the public for protection against SARS-CoV-2. Methods and findings We examined the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of five commonly worn protective face masks as a function of beard length following the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Quantitative Fit Test: N95 (respirator), KF94 and KN95, surgical/procedure, and cloth masks. A comparison using N95 respirators was carried out in shaven and bearded men. A detailed examination was conducted for beard lengths between 0 and 10 mm (0.5 mm increments). The effect of an exercise band covering the beard on FFE was also tested. Although N95 respirators showed considerable variability among bearded men, they had the highest FFE for beard lengths up to 10 mm. KF94 and KN95 masks lost up to 40% of their FFE. Procedure and cotton masks had poor performance even on bare skin (10–30% FFE) that did not change appreciably with beard length. Marked performance improvements were observed with an exercise band worn over the beard. Conclusions Though variable, N95 respirators offer the best respiratory protection for bearded men. While KF94 and KN95 FFE is compromised considerably by increasing beard length, they proved better options than procedure and cotton face masks. A simple exercise band improves FFE for face masks commonly used by bearded men during the COVID-19 pandemic
Burkholderia dipogonis sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Dipogon lignosus in New Zealand and Western Australia
Seven strains, ICMP 19430T, ICMP 19429, ICMP 19431, WSM4637, WSM4638, WSM4639 and WSM4640, were isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of the invasive South African legume Dipogon lignosus (subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Phaseoleae) in New Zealand and Western Australia, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by using a polyphasic approach. All seven strains grew at 10–37 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and with 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth in the absence of NaCl). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains showed 99.0–99.5 % sequence similarity to the closest type strain, Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJNT, and 98.4–99.7 % sequence similarity to Burkholderia caledonica LMG 19076T. The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (21.0 % of the total fatty acids in strain ICMP 19430T), C16 : 0 (19.1 %), C17 : 0 cyclo (18.9 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 10.7 %) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (7.5 %). The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content of strain ICMP 19430T was 63.2 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness of the novel strains with respect to the closest neighbouring members of the genus Burkholderia was 55 % or less. On the basis of 16S rRNA and recA gene sequence similarities and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, these strains represent a novel symbiotic species in the genus Burkholderia, for which the name Burkholderia dipogonis sp. Nov. is proposed, with the type strain ICMP 19430T (=LMG 2841T =HAMBI 3637T)
The Effective Field Theory of Inflation
We study the effective field theory of inflation, i.e. the most general
theory describing the fluctuations around a quasi de Sitter background, in the
case of single field models. The scalar mode can be eaten by the metric by
going to unitary gauge. In this gauge, the most general theory is built with
the lowest dimension operators invariant under spatial diffeomorphisms, like
g^{00} and K_{mu nu}, the extrinsic curvature of constant time surfaces. This
approach allows us to characterize all the possible high energy corrections to
simple slow-roll inflation, whose sizes are constrained by experiments. Also,
it describes in a common language all single field models, including those with
a small speed of sound and Ghost Inflation, and it makes explicit the
implications of having a quasi de Sitter background. The non-linear realization
of time diffeomorphisms forces correlation among different observables, like a
reduced speed of sound and an enhanced level of non-Gaussianity.Comment: 26 pages. v2: minor corrections, JHEP published versio
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