Peaks of transportation CO2 emissions of 119 countries for sustainable development: Results from carbon Kuznets curve

Transportation has significantly boomed energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Understanding and forecasting the dynamic statuses of transportation CO2 emissions is a necessary step before making strategies to decrease CO2 emissions. Carbon Kuznets curve (CKC) hypothesis has been frequently validated properly to present the changing statuses of CO2 emissions in the literature. This study tests the CKC hypothesis using the data recording the CO2 emissions of transportation sectors of 119 countries over the period of 1995–2014, then turning points (TPs) are calculated for the countries where CKC hypothesis is turned out supported. Based on the CKC models, this study identifies different types of TPs, i.e. TP of carbon intensity (TPCI), TP of per capita CO2 emissions (TPPC), and TP of total CO2 emissions (TPTC) of the countries whose data support the CKC hypothesis. According to the earliness of the turning years (TYs) (TYCI, TYPC and TYTC) – the years when CO2 emissions peak – of individual countries, this study identified a step‐wise decoupling strategy for different countries, i.e. (1) first to reach the TPCI, (2) then to reach the TPPC, and (3) finally to reach the TPTC. As a result, the CKC hypothesis was supported by the data of 58 countries, among which, there are still seven countries having not reached any of the three TPs, 23 countries have reached the first‐step TP (TPCI), 9 countries have reached the second‐step TP (TPPC), and 19 countries have reached the third‐step TP (TPTC).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156198/2/sd2008.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156198/1/sd2008_am.pd

Epidemiological and genomic analyses of human isolates of Streptococcus suis between 2005 and 2021 in Shenzhen, China

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes swine streptococcosis, which threatens human health and brings economic loss to the swine industry. Three-quarters of human S. suis infections are caused by serotype 2. A retrospective analysis of human S. suis cases in Shenzhen, a megacity in China, with high pork consumption, between 2005 and 2021 was conducted to understand its genomic epidemiology, pathogen virulence, and drug resistance characteristics. The epidemiological investigation showed that human cases of S. suis in Shenzhen were mainly associated with people who had been in close contact with raw pork or other swine products. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed that 33 human isolates in Shenzhen were dominated by serotype 2 (75.76%), followed by serotype 14 (24.24%), and the most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST7 (48.48%) and ST1 (39.40%). ST242 (9.09%) and ST25 (3.03%), which were rarely reported, were also found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Shenzhen human isolates had close genetic relatedness to isolates from Guangxi (China), Sichuan (China), and Vietnam. We found a new 82 KB pathogenicity island (PAI) in the serotype 2 isolate that may play a role in sepsis. Similarly, a serotype 14 isolate, containing 78 KB PAI, was isolated from a patient presenting with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSLS) who subsequently died. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was high in human isolates of S. suis from Shenzhen. Most human isolates were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, and 13 isolates had intermediate resistance to penicillin. In conclusion, swine importation from Guangxi, Sichuan, and Vietnam should be more closely monitored, and the use of antibiotics limited to reduce the potential for antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Of-constructions in the Predicate of demonstrate and show in Academic Discourse

This study investigates of-constructions in the predicates of two verbs, demonstrate and show, in academic discourse. A construction perspective is taken to examine how the two predicate constructions (‘demonstrate N1 of N2 ’ and ‘show N1 of N2’) would differ when the information-weighting of N1 and N2 are considered. The noun phrases were compared following Sinclair’s (1991) conception of semantic headedness. He notes the peculiarity of of through the expression of double-headed constructions (i.e., considering both N1 and N2 as the semantic heads). This study adopts this framework and applies it to analyze the of-constructions of the two synonymous verbs. The results show that headedness of the of-constructions can be used to identify the subtle differences between the two synonyms. Demonstrate displays greater information weight predominated by double-headed constructions and tends to be associated with abstract conception. Show follows closely after demonstrate, but further analysis reveals that show tends to provide more ‘relational ’ evidence described in terms of partitive uses through nouns like variety, degree, incidence, level, rate and range.

Features, origin and distribution of microbial dolomite reservoirs: A case study of 4th Member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin, SW China

Abstract: Based on the drilling cores and slice observations, single well data and geochemical analysis, this paper analyzed features, origin and distribution of the 4th Member reservoirs of Sinian Dengying Formation (Z2dn4) in the Sichuan Basin. It is demonstrated that the main reservoir is a set of microbial dolomites. The discovery of spherical dolomite has revealed that the dolomitization was related to the microbial action, belonging to the early protodolomite of low-temperature precipitation; the primary matrix pores and the penecontemporaneous eroded pores constituted the subject of the reservoir space, which was not due to the interlayer karst process related to the Tongwan Movement and burial-hydrothermal dissolutional process. The microbial mound-shoal complex and penecontemporaneous dissolution mainly control the development and distribution of the scaled reservoirs in Z2dn4. The microbial dolomite reservoir surrounding the intracratonic rift had a large thickness, good continuity and high quality, and was an important target of the survey. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Sinian, Dengying Formation, microbial dolomite, mound-shoal complex, spherical dolomite, penecontemporaneous corrosion, intracratonic rif