The Impact of Inclusive Leadership on Employee Well-being: The Mediating Role of Organizational Trust

In recent years, people pay more and more attention to employees' work experience and mental health, especially employee well-being. Leadership style is one of the factors that affect employee well-being. Recently, there have been more and more researches on inclusive leadership in China. However, the research on the relationship between inclusive leadership and employee well-being in China is still in its infancy, and the mechanism between the two still needs to be further studied.This paper investigates the mediating effect of organizational trust on the relationship between inclusive leadership and employee well-being by using a questionnaire survey of Chinese workers. Based on a survey of 153 participants, the results show that organizational trust can mediate the positive impact of inclusive leadership on employee well-being. At the same time, after the addition of organizational trust as an intermediate variable, the study found that the establishment of organizational trust has a driving effect on improving employee well-being

Decoupled Federated Learning on Long-Tailed and Non-IID data with Feature Statistics

Federated learning is designed to enhance data security and privacy, but faces challenges when dealing with heterogeneous data in long-tailed and non-IID distributions. This paper explores an overlooked scenario where tail classes are sparsely distributed over a few clients, causing the models trained with these classes to have a lower probability of being selected during client aggregation, leading to slower convergence rates and poorer model performance. To address this issue, we propose a two-stage Decoupled Federated learning framework using Feature Statistics (DFL-FS). In the first stage, the server estimates the client's class coverage distributions through masked local feature statistics clustering to select models for aggregation to accelerate convergence and enhance feature learning without privacy leakage. In the second stage, DFL-FS employs federated feature regeneration based on global feature statistics and utilizes resampling and weighted covariance to calibrate the global classifier to enhance the model's adaptability to long-tailed data distributions. We conducted experiments on CIFAR10-LT and CIFAR100-LT datasets with various long-tailed rates. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both accuracy and convergence rate

Application of IMB model in preventing venous thromboembolism in elderly lung cancer patients

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effects of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) Skills Model on the prevention of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in elderly lung cancer patients.MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to select study participants who were hospitalized for treatment between November 2022 and August 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Neijiang and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The control group (n = 41) received conventional health education, while the intervention group (n = 40) received health education based on the IMB Skills Model over three months. The scores of the Venous Thrombosis Knowledge, Participation in Thrombosis Prevention Willingness and Behavior Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Measurement Scale (QLQ-C30) were compared before the intervention and after three months. After three months of intervention, the hospital satisfaction and VTE incidence rates in both groups were investigated and compared.ResultsAfter three months of intervention, the scores for the Venous Thrombosis Knowledge, (Participation in Thrombosis Prevention Willingness and Behavior Questionnaire in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The QLQ-C30 scores in the intervention group for physical function, role function, emotional function, insomnia, appetite loss, and overall health status were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The intervention group rated higher in doctor's professional skills, information provision, accessibility; nurse's professional skills, humanistic care, information provision, accessibility; team communication, services of other personnel, overall satisfaction compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The rate of VTE in the intervention group was 2.5%(1/40), and that in the control group was 19.5%(8/41). There was a significant difference (χ2 = 4.336, P = 0.037).ConclusionNursing interventions based on the IMB Skills Model for elderly lung cancer patients can enhance patients’ understanding of venous thrombosis, increase willingness and active participation in thrombosis prevention, improve quality of life, increase hospital satisfaction, and reduce the incidence of VTE

Refining microstructure of medium-thick AA2219 aluminium alloy welded joint by ultrasonic frequency double-pulsed arc

The increasing demand for achieving high-efficiency and high-quality medium-thick aluminium alloy welded structures, especially for large scale aerospace components, presents an urgent challenge to the conventional TIG arc welding process. This work proposed a novel double-pulsed variable polarity tungsten inert gas (DP-VPTIG) arc, in which the variable polarity square wave current was simultaneously modulated into ultrasonic frequency (20–80 kHz) and low frequency (0.5–10 Hz) pulses. Full penetration welds of 6 mm thick AA2219 aluminum alloy were successfully obtained by using this process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld produced by DP-VPTIG arc were investigated, taking the conventional VPTIG arc as a comparative study. Results show that the microstructure of weld zone by DP-VPTIG arc showed an alternating distribution of fine equiaxed grain band and slightly coarse equiaxed grain band. Compared to VPTIG arc, the grain structure was effectively refined in the weld zone with DP-VPTIG arc, showing a significant reduction of average grain size by 51.2% along transverse section and 61.3% along longitudinal section. The morphology of α-Al+θ-CuAl2 eutectics transformed from continuously distributed netlike shape to separately distributed granular shape, and segregation of Cu solute element was obviously improved. The average microhardness of weld zone was increased by about 8.7% and 5.6% along transverse section and along longitudinal section. The tensile properties of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were increased by 6.6%, 10.6% and 20.5%, respectively. The results provide a valuable basis for improving welding efficiency and joint quality through a hybrid pulsed arc

Variations in Soil Erosion Resistance of Gully Head Along a 25-Year Revegetation Age on the Loess Plateau

The effects of vegetation restoration on soil erosion resistance of gully head, along a revegetation age gradient, remain poorly understood. Hence, we collected undisturbed soil samples from a slope farmland and four grasslands with different revegetation ages (3, 10, 18, 25 years) along gully heads. Then, these samples were used to obtain soil detachment rate of gully heads by the hydraulic flume experiment under five unit width flow discharges (2–6 m3 h). The results revealed that soil properties were significantly ameliorated and root density obviously increased in response to restoration age. Compared with farmland, soil detachment rate of revegetated gully heads decreased 35.5% to 66.5%, and the sensitivity of soil erosion of the gully heads to concentrated flow decreased with revegetation age. The soil detachment rate of gully heads was significantly related to the soil bulk density, soil disintegration rate, capillary porosity, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content and water stable aggregate. The roots of 0–0.5 and 0.5–1.0 mm had the highest benefit in reducing soil loss of gully head. After revegetation, soil erodibility of gully heads decreased 31.0% to 78.6%, and critical shear stress was improved by 1.2 to 4.0 times. The soil erodibility and critical shear stress would reach a stable state after an 18-years revegetation age. These results allow us to better evaluate soil vulnerability of gully heads to concentrated flow erosion and the efficiency of revegetation

Prevalence and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in China: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background To explore the overall prevalence and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae(S. pneumoniae) among healthy children. Methods A search for pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage studies including children published up to July 31th, 2016 was conducted to describe carriage in China. The review also describes antibiotic resistance in and serotypes of S. pneumoniae and assesses the impact of vaccination on carriage in this region. Summary measures for overall prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and serotype distributions extracted from the analyzed data were determined with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 test statistics. Results Thirty-seven studies were included in this review, and the majority of studies (64.9%) were located in the pre-introduction period of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in China. The pooled prevalence of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage was 21.4% (95% CI: 18.3–24.4%). Carriage was highest in children attending kindergartens [24.5%, (19.7–29.3%)] and decreased with increasing age. Before the introduction of PCV7 into China, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage was 25.8% (20.7–30.9%), the pooled carriage of S. pneumoniae sharply dropped into the 14.1% (11.3–16.9%) by PCV7 vaccination period (P < 0.001). Before the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced in China, the penicillin resistance rate in S. pneumoniae isolated from healthy children was 31.9% (21.2–42.6%); however, this rate sharply decreased after the introduction of PCV7 in China [21.6%, (7.4–35.9%)], and the difference between the rates during these two time periods was statistically significant (P value <0.05). Serotypes 19F, 6A and 23F were the most commonly isolated. Meta-analysis of data from young children showed a pooled rate estimate of 46.6% (38.8–54.4%) for PCV7 vaccine coverage and 66.2% (58.6–73.8%) for PCV13 vaccine coverage. Conclusions The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage among children was high in China. PCV7 immunization was found to be associated with reduction of nasopharyngeal colonization of S. pneumoniae. Conjugate vaccination coverage was slightly affected by the introduction of PCV7 into China because of low vaccination rate. The government should implement timely adjusted conjugate vaccination strategies based on our findings

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Conservation Units of <i>Castanopsis sclerophylla</i> (Fagaceae)

Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott. is a canopy tree species of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical China. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. sclerophylla were investigated by using chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers. Permutation tests with chloroplast DNA sequences indicated the presence of phylogeographic structure in C. sclerophylla. Based on nuclear microsatellite markers, Bayesian clustering analysis revealed eastern-to-western differentiation in C. sclerophylla, and the analysis of molecular variance suggested population divergence has arisen along the Xuefeng, Luoxiao, and Wuyi mountain ranges. The approximate Bayesian computation demonstrated that the genetic diversity pattern of C. sclerophylla could be explained by geographic isolation followed by secondary contact. Ecological niche modelling showed that distribution of C. sclerophylla shrank southward at the Last Glacial Maximum and expanded northward at the Mid Holocene. These results suggested that the uplift of the Xuefeng, Luoxiao, and Wuyi mountain ranges and the interglacial–glacial climate change shaped the genetic diversity of C. sclerophylla. The Luoxiao mountain range should be considered as a key conservation unit of C. sclerophylla due to its higher level of genetic diversity. Our study supplies important information for prioritizing the conservation and sustainable utilization of C. sclerophylla, and provides insight on the dynamics of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical China

Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in a Micro-Catchment of Northeast China and Their Influencing Factors

This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN) in a micro-catchment area comprising farmland and a gully with vegetation restoration (artificial forest and grassland) and their influencing factors. We surveyed a total of 52 topsoil sampling sites to measure the SOC and STN content, as well as topographical factors (elevation, curvature, slope gradient, and aspect), soil properties (bulk density, aggregate distribution, soil texture, and soil moisture), and land use and management. We used traditional statistical and geostatistical methods to analyze the spatial variability of SOC and STN. The results of this study indicate that SOC and STN content varied moderately across the entire micro-catchment area, with greater values in the west (gully head area) than in the east (gully mouth area). Additionally, SOC and STN were significantly positively correlated with soil water content, >2 mm size aggregate fraction, and elevation, but negatively correlated with <0.053 mm size fraction. Land use types also influenced the spatial distribution of SOC and STN contents, with the highest averages of SOC and STN content found at the edge of farmland road and grassland, respectively, and the lowest values in bare land. This study provides a valuable supplement to the understanding of SOC and STN in micro-catchment areas, and the research results also support the evaluation of the impact of gully erosion control on SOC and STN dynamics after vegetation restoration. Overall, vegetation restoration should be adopted for gully erosion control and sustainable agricultural development in the Mollisols region of Northeast China

High Temperature Tribological Performance of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs Lubricated with a Modified C-WS2-(Fe3O4 + TiN) Nanoadditives in Non-Copper Coated Solid Wires

In this study, four kinds of nanoparticles, graphite, WS2, Fe3O4, and TiN, were used as lubricating additives for steel/copper friction pairs to solve the problem of welding contact tube wear with non-copper-coated solid wire at high temperature. The single and composite nanoparticles have excellent dispersion stability in absolute ethanol under the action of the compound surfactant NaSTA + OA + PVP (i.e., sodium stearate, oleic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone). The tribological test results showed that the maximum decrement, with reference to the average coefficient of friction and wear volumes, were measured with nanoparticle concentration in 1:1:1 ratio at 300 &deg;C. Compared with dry friction, the average friction coefficient and wear volume are reduced by 74.3% and 84.8%, respectively, which may be attributed to the formation of a stable tribo-film mainly composed of C&ndash;O, Fe2O3, WO3, TiO2, TiNxOy composite on the worn surface. Therefore, it is considered that the combined lubrication effects of the ball-bearing effect, repairing of worn surfaces, and the tribo-film resulted in the lowest friction and wear

A positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopic study of nanocrystals formation in a chalcogenide glass-ceramic

Jiaxiang Nie, Fang Xia, Runsheng Yu, Baoyi Wang, Zhuoxin Li, Guorong Che