Expression and Promoter Analysis of Six Heat Stress-Inducible Genes in Rice

During the long evolutionary process, plant gradually formed a series of strategies and mechanisms to cope with stress environment such as drought, heat, cold, and high salinity. Six highly heat responsive genes were identified in rice by microarray data analysis. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of these six genes were highly heat inducible and moderately responded to salt stress, polyethylene glycol, and abscisic acid treatment, but little affected by cold treatment. Promoters of the three highly heat-inducible genes (OsHsfB2cp, PM19p, and Hsp90p) were used to drive GUS gene expression in rice. The results of the GUS gene expression, histochemical staining, and GUS activities in panicles and flag leaves of the transgenic rice plants confirmed high heat-induced GUS activities and moderate drought-induced activities. The three promoters exhibited similar high activity lever in rice leaf under heat, but OsHsfB2cp and PM19p showed much higher activities in panicles under heat stress. Our work confirmed that the OsHsfB2c and PM19 promoters were highly heat inducible and further characterization and reconstruction of cis-elements in their promoters could lead to the development of highly effective heat-inducible promoters for plant genetic engineering

Bipolar resistance switching characteristics with opposite polarity of Au/SrTiO3/Ti memory cells

Two types of bipolar resistance switching with eightwise and counter eightwise polarities are observed to coexist in Au/SrTiO3/Ti memory cells. These two types of switching can be induced by different defect distributions which are activated by controlling the electric process. The analyses of I-V and C-V data reveal that the resistance switching with eightwise polarity originates from the change of Schottky barrier at the Au/SrTiO3 interface caused by trapping/detrapping effects at interface defect states, while the switching with counter eightwise polarity is caused by oxygen-vacancy migration

SIMULATION OF MICROBUBBLE RESISTANCE REDUCTION ON A SUBOFF MODEL

This paper presents a mixture-model based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the two-phase microbubble flow over the hull of a SUBOFF model, aimed at assessing the roles of air-injection-to-freestream velocity ratio and air volume fraction in microbubble resistance reduction. The numerical framework consists of the Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the standard turbulence model with standard wall function treatment, which is validated, without microbubbles, by existing experimental data of the same SUBOFF model. The effect of velocity ratio is then investigated by comparing different types of the resistance reduction at various water speeds, and the effect of air volume fraction on the friction resistance reduction is also studied with various air injection velocities. This study confirms that both the velocity ratio and air volume fraction play important roles in the microbubble resistance reduction phenomenon

Unusual cross-shelf transport driven by the changes of wind pattern in a marginal sea

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126(11), (2021): e2021JC017526, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017526.The traditional understanding of the regional circulation in the Northwest Pacific marginal seas is that the Korean Coastal Current flows southward, following the isobaths of 20–50 m. However, an unusual tongue-shaped structure of cold water is observed in satellite SST data in January 2017, indicating a possible offshore spread of cold coastal water into the middle Southern Yellow Sea (SYS). Additional observations, including in situ hydrographic data as well as direct current measurement, also suggest this cross-shelf transport of the Korean Coastal Water in January 2017. Our analysis shows that this flow breaks through the isobaths at ∼37°N, moves southward between 50–75 m, and eventually veers anti-cyclonically at ∼35°N to join the western slope of the SYS. This circulation pattern is further supported by heat budget analysis. Diagnosis of potential vorticity (PV) reveals that the elevated negative PV anomaly imposed by surface wind stress favors this unusual cross-shelf transport. The change of wind pattern, although under a deceasing wind speed condition, plays an important role. This work provides an alternative view of the wintertime circulation pattern and motivates future studies of the variability of the coastal currents over interannual and longer time scales in the SYS.his study was supported by the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2019JZZY020713, 2019GHY112057), the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC1401406, 2016YFA0600900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42076010, 42130403), National Fund Committee-Shandong joint fund (U1706215), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2020042010), and Ocean University of China-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Cooperative Research Initiative (24887).2022-05-0