CLIP-AD: A Language-Guided Staged Dual-Path Model for Zero-shot Anomaly Detection

This paper considers zero-shot Anomaly Detection (AD), performing AD without reference images of the test objects. We propose a framework called CLIP-AD to leverage the zero-shot capabilities of the large vision-language model CLIP. Firstly, we reinterpret the text prompts design from a distributional perspective and propose a Representative Vector Selection (RVS) paradigm to obtain improved text features. Secondly, we note opposite predictions and irrelevant highlights in the direct computation of the anomaly maps. To address these issues, we introduce a Staged Dual-Path model (SDP) that leverages features from various levels and applies architecture and feature surgery. Lastly, delving deeply into the two phenomena, we point out that the image and text features are not aligned in the joint embedding space. Thus, we introduce a fine-tuning strategy by adding linear layers and construct an extended model SDP+, further enhancing the performance. Abundant experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, e.g., on MVTec-AD, SDP outperforms the SOTA WinCLIP by +4.2/+10.7 in segmentation metrics F1-max/PRO, while SDP+ achieves +8.3/+20.5 improvements

Evidence for Pseudogap Phase in Cerium Superhydrides: CeH10_{10} and CeH9_9

Polyhydride superconductors have been shown to possess metallic properties with a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-type superconducting ground state. Here, we provide evidence for unconventional transport associated with a pseudogap phase in cubic cerium superhydride CeH$_{10}$ ($\textit{T}$$_C$ = 116 K) at pressure of 115-125 GPa. A large negative magnetoresistance in the non-superconducting state below 90 K, quasi $\textit{T}$-linear electrical resistance, and a sign-change of its temperature dependence mark the emergence of this phase. We studied the magnetic phase diagrams and the upper critical fields $\textit{B}$$_{C2}$(T) of CeH$_{10}$, CeH$_9$, and CeD$_9$ in pulsed fields up to 70 T. $\textit{B}$$_{C2}$(T) of CeH$_9$ and CeD$_9$ exhibits pronounced saturation at low temperatures in accordance with the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model, whereas CeH$_{10}$ stands out in particular, as it does not obey this model. Our observations, therefore, reveal the unconventional nature of non-superconducting state of cerium superhydride CeH$_{10}$

Sr-Doped Molecular Hydrogen: Synthesis and Properties of SrH22_{22}

Recently, several research groups announced reaching the point of metallization of hydrogen above 400 GPa. Following the mainstream of extensive investigations of compressed polyhydrides, in this work we demonstrate that small (4 atom %) doping of molecular hydrogen by strontium leads to a dramatic reduction in the metallization pressure to about 200 GPa. Studying the high-pressure chemistry of the Sr-H system at 56-180 GPa, we observed the formation of several previously unknown compounds: C2/m-Sr$_3$H$_{13}$, pseudocubic SrH$_6$, SrH$_9$ with cubic F-43m Sr sublattice, and pseudotetragonal P1-SrH$_{22}$, the metal hydride with the highest hydrogen content discovered so far. Unlike Ca and Y, strontium forms molecular semiconducting polyhydrides, whereas calcium and yttrium polyhydrides are high-Tc superconductors with an atomic H sublattice. The latter phase, SrH$_{22}$ or Sr$_{0.04}$H$_{0.96}$, may be considered as a convenient model of the consistent bandgap closure and metallization of hydrogen. Using the impedance measurements in diamond anvil cells at 300-440 K, we estimated the direct bandgap of the Pm-3n-like compound P1-SrH$_6$ to be 0.44-0.51 eV at 150 GPa, and its metallization pressure to be 220 GPa. Together with the machine learning interatomic potentials, the impedance spectroscopy allowed us to estimate the diffusion coefficients of hydrogen D$_H$ = 1.0-2.8 E-10 m$^2$/s in SrH$_6$ and 1.2-2.1 E-9 m$^2$/s in P1-SrH$_{22}$ at 500-600 K.Comment: Supporting information was compressed and reduced by 2 times to 36 figure

High-Pressure Synthesis of Barium Superhydrides: Pseudocubic BaH12

Following the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the La-H system, where for the recently discovered fcc-LaH10 a record critical temperature Tc = 250 K was achieved [Drozdov et al., Nature, 569, 528 (2019) and Somayazulu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 027001 (2019)], we studied the formation of new chemical compounds in the barium-hydrogen system at pressures up to 173 GPa. Using in situ generation of hydrogen from NH3BH3, we synthesized previously unknown superhydride BaH12 with a pseudocubic (fcc) Ba sublattice, which was observed in a wide range of pressures from 75 to 173 GPa in four independent experiments. DFT calculations indicate a close agreement between the theoretical and experimental equations of state. In addition to BaH12, we identified previously known P6/mmm BaH2 and possibly BaH10 and BaH6 as impurities in the samples. Ab initio calculations show that newly discovered semimetallic BaH12 contains H2, H3 molecular units and detached H12 chains. Barium dodecahydride is a unique molecular hydride with metallic conductivity which demonstrates a superconducting transition around 20 K at 140 GPa in agreement with calculations (19-32 K). The interpretation of the multiphase XRD data was possible thanks to the development of new Python scripts for postprocessing the results of evolutionary searches. These scripts help quickly identify the theoretical structures that explain the experimental data in the best way, among thousands of candidates.Comment: Due to file size restrictions the supporting information file was uploaded to the Researchgate websit

Evolution of Cisplatin Resistance Through Coordinated Metabolic Reprogramming of the Cellular Reductive State

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a mainstay treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) despite a high frequency of innate and acquired resistance. We hypothesised that tumours acquire CDDP resistance through an enhanced reductive state dependent on metabolic rewiring. METHODS: To validate this model and understand how an adaptive metabolic programme might be imprinted, we performed an integrated analysis of CDDP-resistant HNSCC clones from multiple genomic backgrounds by whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, steady state and flux metabolomics. RESULTS: Inactivating KEAP1 mutations or reductions in KEAP1 RNA correlated with Nrf2 activation in CDDP-resistant cells, which functionally contributed to resistance. Proteomics identified elevation of downstream Nrf2 targets and the enrichment of enzymes involved in generation of biomass and reducing equivalents, metabolism of glucose, glutathione, NAD(P), and oxoacids. This was accompanied by biochemical and metabolic evidence of an enhanced reductive state dependent on coordinated glucose and glutamine catabolism, associated with reduced energy production and proliferation, despite normal mitochondrial structure and function. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis identified coordinated metabolic changes associated with CDDP resistance that may provide new therapeutic avenues through targeting of these convergent pathways

Evolution of Cisplatin Resistance Through Coordinated Metabolic Reprogramming of the Cellular Reductive State

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a mainstay treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) despite a high frequency of innate and acquired resistance. We hypothesised that tumours acquire CDDP resistance through an enhanced reductive state dependent on metabolic rewiring. METHODS: To validate this model and understand how an adaptive metabolic programme might be imprinted, we performed an integrated analysis of CDDP-resistant HNSCC clones from multiple genomic backgrounds by whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, steady state and flux metabolomics. RESULTS: Inactivating KEAP1 mutations or reductions in KEAP1 RNA correlated with Nrf2 activation in CDDP-resistant cells, which functionally contributed to resistance. Proteomics identified elevation of downstream Nrf2 targets and the enrichment of enzymes involved in generation of biomass and reducing equivalents, metabolism of glucose, glutathione, NAD(P), and oxoacids. This was accompanied by biochemical and metabolic evidence of an enhanced reductive state dependent on coordinated glucose and glutamine catabolism, associated with reduced energy production and proliferation, despite normal mitochondrial structure and function. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis identified coordinated metabolic changes associated with CDDP resistance that may provide new therapeutic avenues through targeting of these convergent pathways

Precise Shrink Fitting Design of the High Strength Gear Mold for the Precision Forging of Noncircular Spur Bevel Gears

Shrink fitting of forging mold (SFFM) is an effective method for improving mold strength, extending the mold’s service life and reducing the manufacturing cost of forging mold. However, due to the asymmetric geometry and complex stress distribution, the precise design of SFFM for the precision forging of noncircular bevel gears is very difficult. In this paper, a new precise design method of SFFM for the precision forging of noncircular bevel gears is proposed, which mainly includes the following five parts. First, a new design method for the mold parting surface—the curved surface parting method—is proposed to design the forging mold of noncircular spur bevel gears. Then, new dimension design methods for the gear mold and shrink rings based on the uniform shrinkage force are proposed. Third, a new design method for the inhomogeneous interference value between shrink rings and the gear mold is developed to provide a precise, uniform shrinkage force. After that, a strength correction method for the shrink-fitted gear mold is proposed to ensure the gear mold and shrink rings have sufficient strength both in the assembly process of the shrink-fitted gear mold and precision in the forging process of noncircular spur bevel gears. Ultimately, finite element simulations and verification experiments are performed to verify the proposed precise design method of SFFM for the precision forging of noncircular bevel gears. The precise design method of SFFM proposed in this paper is not only applicable to the precise design of the high-strength gear mold for noncircular bevel gears, but can also provide a valid reference for the precise design of the high-strength mold for other complicated asymmetric parts