Coexistence of multiuser entanglement distribution and classical light in optical fiber network with a semiconductor chip

Building communication links among multiple users in a scalable and robust way is a key objective in achieving large-scale quantum networks. In realistic scenario, noise from the coexisting classical light is inevitable and can ultimately disrupt the entanglement. The previous significant fully connected multiuser entanglement distribution experiments are conducted using dark fiber links and there is no explicit relation between the entanglement degradations induced by classical noise and its error rate. Here we fabricate a semiconductor chip with a high figure-of-merit modal overlap to directly generate broadband polarization entanglement. Our monolithic source maintains polarization entanglement fidelity above 96% for 42 nm bandwidth with a brightness of 1.2*10^7 Hz/mW. We perform a continuously working quantum entanglement distribution among three users coexisting with classical light. Under finite-key analysis, we establish secure keys and enable images encryption as well as quantum secret sharing between users. Our work paves the way for practical multiparty quantum communication with integrated photonic architecture compatible with real-world fiber optical communication network

IL-17 can promote tumor growth through an IL-6–Stat3 signaling pathway

Although the Th17 subset and its signature cytokine, interleukin (IL)-17A (IL-17), are implicated in certain autoimmune diseases, their role in cancer remains to be further explored. IL-17 has been shown to be elevated in several types of cancer, but how it might contribute to tumor growth is still unclear. We show that growth of B16 melanoma and MB49 bladder carcinoma is reduced in IL-17−/− mice but drastically accelerated in IFN-γ−/− mice, contributed to by elevated intratumoral IL-17, indicating a role of IL-17 in promoting tumor growth. Adoptive transfer studies and analysis of the tumor microenvironment suggest that CD4+ T cells are the predominant source of IL-17. Enhancement of tumor growth by IL-17 involves direct effects on tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal cells, which bear IL-17 receptors. IL-17 induces IL-6 production, which in turn activates oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3, up-regulating prosurvival and proangiogenic genes. The Th17 response can thus promote tumor growth, in part via an IL-6–Stat3 pathway

Identification and verification of three autophagy-related genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of psoriasis

Abstract Psoriasis vulgaris is the most common form of the four clinical types. However, early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris is difficult due to the lack of effective biomarkers. The aim of this study was to screen potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of psoriasis. In our study, we downloaded the original data from GSE30999 and GSE41664, and the autophagy-related genes list from human autophagy database to identify differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DERAGs) by R software. Then Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for DERAGs. DERAGs were validated by the other four databases (GSE13355, GSE14905, GSE6710, and GSE55201) to screen biomarkers with high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris. Finally, DERAGs were verified in our clinical blood samples by ELISA. A total of 12 DERAGs were identified between 123 paired non-lesional and lesional skin samples from patients with psoriasis vulgaris. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated the TORC2 complex was more enriched and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was mostly enriched. Three autophagy-related genes (BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2) were identified through bioinformatics analysis and verified by ELISA in clinical blood samples. And these genes showed high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris. We identified three autophagy-related genes (BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2) with high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris through bioinformatics analysis and clinical samples. Therefore, we proposed that BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2 may be as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris. In addition, BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2 may affect the development of psoriasis by regulating autophagy

Integrated Chip Technologies for Microwave Photonics

Microwave photonic integrated chip technology is an important supporting technology of microwave photonic radar. It can not only realize the multifunction of devices, reduce the volume of microwave photonic radar, but also greatly improve the stability and reliability. This paper introduces the photonic integrated chip technologies based on the commonly used InP, Si, LiNbO3 and their heterogeneous integrations and the optoelectronic integration chip technologies for microwave photonics. Finally, the future development trends is discussed

Characterization of CVD graphene permittivity and conductivity in micro-/millimeter wave frequency range

The permittivity and conductivity of chemical vapor deposited monolayer graphene are investigated up to 40 GHz. The characterization method is based on a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure that is fabricated on a multilayer substrate of Si/SiO2/graphene/Al2O3 from the bottom up. The effective relative permittivity of the coplanar waveguide transmission line is extracted using Thru-Reflect-Line calibration and scattering parameter measurements, and then the relative permittivity and corresponding conductivity of graphene are characterized using partial capacitance techniques. The results demonstrate that the conductivity and sheet resistance are remarkably frequency-dependent and that the complex relative permittivity is consistent with the Drude model

High-efficiency non-ideal quarter-wavelength Bragg reflection waveguide for photon-pair generation

Quantum light source is a promising resource for quantum-enhanced technologies and tests of quantum mechanics. In the race towards scalable quantum information processing, integrated photonics has recently emerged as a powerful platform. Semiconductor AlGaAs is arising as an outstanding platform due to its strong second-order nonlinearities, direct bandgap, manufacturability and reconfigurability. Here, we conduct an analytical investigation of semiconductor Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW), in which the core layer is surrounded by periodic claddings. A general solution to the mode dispersion equation is deduced independently of whether each cladding layer has an ideal quarter-wavelength thickness or not, and used for the analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs material. Different than before, we propose a novel structure with the core layer having high-index and achieve high modal overlap after full parameter optimization in a BRW slab structure, which can provide a practical way for designing high efficiency devices. The influence of thickness variation on overlap factor and system dispersion as well as biphoton spectral properties generated from type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion are also shown. Our approach can serve as a quick guideline for the design of polarization-entangled sources and contribute to large scale processing devices for practical applications by leveraging the structure’s versatile architecture