Safe Lives: Dealing with Earthquakes by open space in Taipei, Taiwan\u2028

Taiwan is located in the Circum-Pacific Seismic Zone; therefore, this island nation is destined to encounter recurrent cataclysmic earthquakes as what has been witnessed in the previous centuries. Taipei City, which is recognized as the most populous and densest city of Taiwan, has a series of push factors which lead herself standing with massive quakes. Besides, with old buildings, disordered urban pattern and lack of open space not only makes the city expose in an extremely dangerous situation but an uncomfortable living environment. Based on the descriptions above, the research objective of this thesis is focused on the following main question: “What are the landscape interventions that can create a safe and livable city?” As a result, in this thesis, it is mainly developed into two layers, emergency and living quality layers, and then combine them as a complete landscape design in Taipei for a safer and better living quality environment.Flowscapes StudioArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Landscape Architectur

德布西鋼琴作品的五聲音階研究

[[abstract]]前言：說明研究的動機、研究的綱要、及謝辭。 第一章 導論 第一節 五聲音階：包括五聲音階的種煩及其在世界上的分佈。 第二節 五聲音階與中國音樂：探討中國音樂採用五聲音階的情形。 第三節 德布西與東方音樂：了解德布西與東方音樂接觸的經過及所受的影響。 第二章 總論 第一節 德布西的鋼琴作品：認識德布西的鋼琴作品及其作曲時經歷的靈感。 第二節 德布西鋼琴作品的五聲音階：敘述德布西以前，歐洲音樂家採用五聲音階的 狀況及德布西使用的五聲音階之樂句、音型的種類。 第三節 研究方法：以曲調、和聲、用途三方面分析德布西的五聲音階。 第三章 分論： 第一節 早期鋼琴作品的五聲音階 第二節 中期鋼琴作品的五聲音階 第三節 晚期鋼琴作品的五聲音階 以上依作曲年代分析每一首作品的五聲音階的樂句處理方式，在曲中的角色，并在每 一首結束時做注釋，統計五聲音階在全曲的比例……等。 第五章 結論 第一節 五聲音階曲調的比較 第二節 五聲音階曲調的處理方式 第三節 五聲音階運用的比較 第四節 結語 其中第一節、第三節是將分論中的結果加以統計，以利於比較。第二節用歸納法將處 理方式分類，第四節將前三節的再加以統計，說明之。

Arzthaftungsrecht in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

[[abstract]]德國醫師責任法分為兩個面向：醫師的診療責任及醫院的住院醫療責任。醫師的診療責任又可分為：依民法特別規定—診療契約所生之債法上責任，以及依民法規定的侵權行為責任。此外，債法上責任依病患身分（私人醫療保險病患、法定醫療保險病患、社會救助受領者）及疏失行為（診療疏失、告知疏失）而有所不同。 在住院醫療方面須區分為：私立醫療院所、公益醫療院所、公立醫療院所。病患於住院之前就必須締結住院醫療契約，其性質原則上為民法的勞務契約。住院醫療契約可分為三種：單一式住院醫療契約、單一式住院醫療附加指定醫師契約、住院醫療與醫師診療分離式契約。在契約責任方面尚可分為醫院及醫師的責任，而侵權行為責任的分類，亦同，且醫院還要為其機關及履行輔助人的行為負侵權行為責任。在公立醫院也一樣分為醫院及醫師的契約責任、侵權行為責任。 在起訴前得就醫師責任爭議提付仲裁。提出請求權之病患須證明存在醫療疏失、法益侵害、受有損害，以及醫療疏失與健康受損之間的因果關係。至於負責診治的醫師須證明已依規定向病患進行告知。發生重大醫療疏失時會產生舉證責任倒置的效果，醫生因此要承擔舉證責任可能帶來的敗訴風險。 Medical malpractice law in Germany ascribe medical liability to doctors and hospitals respectively. The doctor's liability is further categorized as obligation under the special provisions of the treatment contract in the German Civil Code and tort liability under the German Civil Code. Contractual liability differs according to the patients‘ status (private patients, health insurance patients and welfare recipients), treatment errors and incorrect medical advices. With respect to hospitalization, there are options of private hospitals, non-profit hospitals and public hospitals. A hospital contract must be closed prior to hospitalization. The contract is a civil law contract of labor by nature. Hospital contracts are categorized as follows: the complete hospital contracts, the complete hospital contracts with additional physician contracts, and the separate contracts. Contractual liability is assumed by hospitals and/or doctor, and the same with tort liability. The hospital is also liable for their assistants and institutions. Contractual and tort liability is assumed by hospitals and physicians respectively in public hospitals as well. Before an action is brought, the arbitration board may be called for medical liability issues. A patient who submits a liability claim has the responsibility to provide proof of treatment errors, violation of rights, the damages and the causal link between medical malpractice and health damage. The attending physician has to prove that he had explained the medical process to the patient properly. Gross errors in treatment may cause a shift in the burden of proof, and as a result, the physician might run the risk of evidence

Sparsentan in patients with IgA nephropathy: a prespecified interim analysis from a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial

Background: Sparsentan is a novel, non-immunosuppressive, single-molecule, dual endothelin and angiotensin receptor antagonist being examined in an ongoing phase 3 trial in adults with IgA nephropathy. We report the prespecified interim analysis of the primary proteinuria efficacy endpoint, and safety. Methods: PROTECT is an international, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled study, being conducted in 134 clinical practice sites in 18 countries. The study examines sparsentan versus irbesartan in adults (aged ≥18 years) with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy and proteinuria of 1·0 g/day or higher despite maximised renin-angiotensin system inhibitor treatment for at least 12 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive sparsentan 400 mg once daily or irbesartan 300 mg once daily, stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate at screening (30 to 1·75 g/day). The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to week 36 in urine protein-creatinine ratio based on a 24-h urine sample, assessed using mixed model repeated measures. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were safety endpoints. All endpoints were examined in all participants who received at least one dose of randomised treatment. The study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03762850. Findings: Between Dec 20, 2018, and May 26, 2021, 404 participants were randomly assigned to sparsentan (n=202) or irbesartan (n=202) and received treatment. At week 36, the geometric least squares mean percent change from baseline in urine protein-creatinine ratio was statistically significantly greater in the sparsentan group (-49·8%) than the irbesartan group (-15·1%), resulting in a between-group relative reduction of 41% (least squares mean ratio=0·59; 95% CI 0·51-0·69; p<0·0001). TEAEs with sparsentan were similar to irbesartan. There were no cases of severe oedema, heart failure, hepatotoxicity, or oedema-related discontinuations. Bodyweight changes from baseline were not different between the sparsentan and irbesartan groups. Interpretation: Once-daily treatment with sparsentan produced meaningful reduction in proteinuria compared with irbesartan in adults with IgA nephropathy. Safety of sparsentan was similar to irbesartan. Future analyses after completion of the 2-year double-blind period will show whether these beneficial effects translate into a long-term nephroprotective potential of sparsentan. Funding: Travere Therapeutics