La traducción de la obra de Azorín al chino y su influencia en la literatura china moderna y contemporánea

La traducción e introducción de Azorín por parte de algunos modernos escritores chinos en la primera mitad del siglo XX representa un curioso diálogo entre las culturas de China y de España. Desde la perspectiva marco-teórica de la literatura comparada, la intertextualidad y la crítica literaria, he ordenado e investigado los textos originales y los traducidos al chino de Azorín y los documentos relacionados con ese tema, incluyendo los apuntes biográficos de los traductores escritores, cartas, cuadernos de notas y publicaciones en diferentes periódicos y revistas, teniendo en cuenta los acontecimientos históricos y sociales de la época. He realizado diferentes tipos de análisis intertextual para valorar cómo las obras de Azorín han influido en la evolución de la literatura china moderna a través de las traducciones.

Methodological Challenges for Epidemiologic Studies of Deprescribing at the End of Life

Purpose of Review: To describe approaches to measuring deprescribing and associated outcomes in studies of patients approaching end of life (EOL). Recent Findings: We reviewed studies published through 2020 that evaluated deprescribing in patients with limited life expectancy and approaching EOL. Deprescribing includes reducing the number of medications, decreasing medication dose(s), and eliminating potentially inappropriate medications. Tools such as STOPPFrail, OncPal, and the Unnecessary Drug Use Measure can facilitate deprescribing. Outcome measures vary and selection of measures should align with the operationalized deprescribing definition used by study investigators. Summary: EOL deprescribing considerations include medication appropriateness in the context of patient goals for care, expected benefit from medication given life expectancy, and heightened potential for medication-related harm as death nears. Additional data are needed on how EOL deprescribing impacts patient quality of life, caregiver burden, and out-of-pocket medication-related costs to patients and caregivers. Investigators should design deprescribing studies with this information in mind

Screening and Stability Evaluation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Bangia fusco-purpurea

In this study, peptide fractions (F1-F4) with different molecular masses were obtained from Bangia fusco-purpurea through enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. F2, with molecular masses of 800–2 000 Da, exhibited the highest in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amino acid sequence of F2 was identified through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and de novo sequencing using PEAKS Studio software. Six ACE inhibitory peptides that stably bind to ACE were selected through molecular docking. The predicted peptides were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis and their in vitro ACE inhibitory activity was verified. Among them, L1 (LVLLFLFGE) showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 14.22 μg/mL. Molecular docking results indicated that the inhibition of ACE by L1 was mainly attributed to its ability to form hydrogen bond interactions with the active site of ACE. Finally, the effects of temperature, pH, metal ions, light exposure, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of L1 were investigated. The results revealed that L1 was highly stable to heat and ionic strength. However, its activity gradually decreased at pH > 2, and was affected by ultraviolet treatment. The ACE inhibitory activity of L1 decreased after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion, but was still significant

Green synthesis and characterizations of silver nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial properties by secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis (SDUM301120)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been exploited for their broad-spectrum antibacterial effects and their vast applications, which are generating interest of researchers towards green synthesis of AgNPs. In this paper, we describe a novel biosynthesis of AgNPs employing secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis (SDUM301120). The mean particle diameter of AgNPs was calculated by the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). HRTEM analysis revealed the particle was spherical and distributed in the range of 2–26 nm. Crystal nature of the nanoparticles in the face-centered cubic structure was confirmed by the peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern corresponding to (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes. The formation of the reduced AgNPs was monitored by UV–VIS spectrophotometer analysis which displayed a peak in the region of 430–460 nm. We investigated the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802T, and Acinetobacter baumanni ATCC 19606T. The results show that AgNPs with enhanced antibacterial properties have significant antimicrobial effects compared with pure AgNPs, antibacterial substances (lipopeptide), and the mixture of lipopeptide and pure AgNPs. The bacteriostatic experiments compared with antibiotics showed that the obtained AgNPs had a promising future in the bacterial infections

Prevalence and the factors associated with oral anticoagulant use among nursing home residents

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Anticoagulants are indicated for treatment and prevention of several clinical conditions. Prior studies have examined anticoagulant utilization for specific indications and in community-dwelling populations. Decision-making regarding anticoagulant prescribing in the nursing home setting is particularly challenging because advanced age and clinical complexity places most residents at increased risk for adverse drug events. To estimate the prevalence of oral anticoagulant (OAC) use (overall, warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)) and identify factors associated with oral anticoagulant use among the general population of residents living in nursing homes. METHODS: This point prevalence study was conducted among 506,482 residents in US nursing homes on 31 October 2016 who were enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service. Covariates including demographics, clinical conditions, medications, cognitive impairment and functional status were obtained from Minimum Data Set 3.0 assessments and Medicare Part A and D claims. Oral anticoagulant use was identified using dispensing dates and days supply information from Medicare Part D claims. Robust Poisson models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for associations between covariates and 1) any anticoagulant use, and 2) DOAC versus warfarin use. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Overall, 11.8% of residents used oral anticoagulants. Among users, 44.3% used DOACs. Residents with body mass index (BMI) \u3e /=40 kg/m(2) (aPR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.61 -1.71), with functional dependency in activities of daily living, polypharmacy and higher CHA2 DS2 -VASc risk ischaemic stroke scores, had a higher prevalence of oral anticoagulant use. Women (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.76-0.79), residents with limited life expectancy (aPR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.76-0.83), those with moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment (aPR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.65-0.68), those using NSAIDs or antiplatelets, and non-white racial/ethnic groups had a lower prevalence of anticoagulant use. Residents with higher levels of polypharmacy, BMI and age had a lower prevalence of DOAC use (versus warfarin). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Approximately one in eight general nursing home residents use oral anticoagulants and among oral anticoagulant users, only slightly more residents used warfarin than DOACs. The lower prevalence of anticoagulation among women and non-white racial/ethnic groups raises concerns of potential inequities in quality of care. Lower oral anticoagulant use among residents with limited life expectancy suggests possible deprescribing at the end of life. Further research is needed to inform resident-centred shared decision-making that explicitly considers treatment goals and individual-specific risks and benefits of anticoagulation at all stages of the medication use continuum

Quality of Nursing Homes Admitting Working-Age Adults With Serious Mental Illness

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study examined the association between nursing home quality and admission of working-age persons (ages 22-64 years) with serious mental illness. METHODS: The study used 2015 national Minimum Data Set 3.0 and Nursing Home Compare (NHC) data. A logistic mixed-effects model estimated the likelihood (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of a working-age nursing home resident having serious mental illness, by NHC health inspection quality rating. The variance partition coefficient (VPC) was calculated to quantify the variation in serious mental illness attributable to nursing home characteristics. Measures included serious mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic disorders), health inspection quality rating (ranging from one star, below average, to five stars, above average), and other sociodemographic and clinical covariates. RESULTS: Of the 343,783 working-age adults newly admitted to a nursing home in 2015 (N=14,307 facilities), 15.5% had active serious mental illness. The odds of a working-age resident having serious mental illness was lowest among nursing homes of above-average quality, compared with nursing homes of below-average quality (five-star vs. one-star facility, AOR=0.78, 95% CI=0.73-0.84). The calculated VPC from the full model was 0.11. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate an association between below-average nursing homes and admission of working-age persons with serious mental illness, suggesting that persons with serious mental illness may experience inequitable access to nursing homes of above-average quality. Access to alternatives to care, integration of mental health services in the community, and improving mental health care in nursing homes may help address this disparity

The Preparations and Water Vapor Barrier Properties of Polyimide Films Containing Amide Moieties

Flexible displays are a systematic revolution in the field of display, in which high-performance and high-barrier polymer substrates are considered to be one of the most important key materials. In this work, high water vapor barrier polyimides containing amide moieties were synthesized via the ternary polymerization of 4,4′-diaminobenzailide (DABA), 4,4′-diaminodipheny ether (ODA), and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyl-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BPDA) followed by thermal imidization. The relationship between the content of amide moieties and the water vapor barrier property of the prepared polyimides was studied by means of density test, water absorbing test, water contact angle test, water vapor permeation test, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry coupled with fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis (WXRD), mechanical performance test, etc. The results show that the introduction of amide groups into polyimide (PI) main chains can improve the water vapor barrier properties of the polyimides effectively. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the polyimide films can be improved from 8.2365 g·(m2·24 h)−1 to 0.8670 g·(m2·24 h)−1 with the increasing content of amide moieties

Vacancy pair-induced charge rebalancing with surface and interfacial dual polarization for CO₂ photoreduction

Poor charge kinetics greatly reduce the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2reduction. Herein, a synchronous surface and interfacial dual polarization strategy was developed to promote charge separation. Bi-O vacancy pairs in Bi24O31Br10atomic layers can trigger strong coupling between black phosphorus (BP) and Bi24O31Br10, forming a restructured closely contacted BP-Bi24O31Br10configuration with a charge-redistributed interface via electronegativity-induced charge rebalancing. The Bi-O vacancy pairs on the surface of Bi24O31Br10and restructured BP/Bi24O31Br10interface enable synchronous surface and interfacial dual polarization, creating an electronic bridge from the interior of Bi24O31Br10to the BP surface, as proven by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. This configuration favors a low CO2activation energy barrier, effectively stabilizes COOH∗ intermediates, and decreases the rate-determining step energy barrier. Benefiting from these features, the stable CO generation rate of optimized BP-Bi24O31Br10reaches up to 39.8 μmol g-1h-1via CO2photoreduction in water, which is 2.4 and 46.8 times higher than those of defective Bi24O31Br10atomic layers and defect-poor Bi24O31Br10, respectively. This study provides insights into the synchronous design of surface defects and restructured interfaces for dual polarization.Ministry of Education (MOE)This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (22205108), the Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professorship, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 30922010302), the Start-Up Grant from the Nanjing University of Science and Technology (No. AE89991/397), and the Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier 2 (MOE2019-T2-2-105), and AcRF Tier 1 RG4/17, RG161/19