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Effect of Steaming on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Black Walnut Heartwood
The influence of steaming time and temperature on some physical and chemical properties of black walnut heartwood was studied. One-inch cube sample blocks were steamed at two different temperatures and four different times, and the pH, surface tension, and color of the wood fluids, as well as the extractives and area of cell lumina, were determined.The pH and surface tension were not affected enough by steaming to be related to color changes of wood, swelling the wood beyond that normally expected in water at room temperature, or reducing drying defects. Prolonged and high temperature (above 100 C) steaming increased alcohol-benzene extractives of the steamed wood. Prolonged and high temperature steaming caused cell walls to swell beyond that in water at room temperature, especially in earlywood. Steaming temperature and time were highly effective in changing the color of wood fluids
Oscillating Rim Hook Tableaux and Colored Matchings
Motivated by the question of finding a type B analogue of the bijection
between oscillating tableaux and matchings, we find a correspondence between
oscillating m-rim hook tableaux and m-colored matchings, where m is a positive
integer. An oscillating m-rim hook tableau is defined as a sequence
of Young diagrams starting with the
empty shape and ending with the empty shape such that is obtained
from by adding an m-rim hook or by deleting an m-rim hook. Our
bijection relies on the generalized Schensted algorithm due to White. An
oscillating 2-rim hook tableau is also called an oscillating domino tableau.
When we restrict our attention to two column oscillating domino tableaux of
length 2n, we are led to a bijection between such tableaux and noncrossing
2-colored matchings on , which are counted by the product
of two consecutive Catalan numbers. A 2-colored matching is
noncrossing if there are no two arcs of the same color that are intersecting.
We show that oscillating domino tableaux with at most two columns are in
one-to-one correspondence with Dyck path packings. A Dyck path packing of
length 2n is a pair (D, E), where D is a Dyck path of length 2n, and E is a
dispersed Dyck path of length 2n that is weakly covered by D. So we deduce that
Dyck path packings of length 2n are counted by .Comment: 15 pages, 16 figure
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