Research on the Transport and Deposition of Nanoparticles in a Rotating Curved Pipe

A finite-volume code and the SIMPLE scheme are used to study the transport and deposition of nanoparticles in a rotating curved pipe for different angular velocities, Dean numbers, and Schmidt numbers. The results show that when the Schmidt number is small, the nanoparticle distributions are mostly determined by the axial velocity. When the Schmidt number is many orders of magnitude larger than 1, the secondary flow will dominate the nanoparticle distribution. When the pipe corotates, the distribution of nanoparticle mass fraction is similar to that for the stationary case. There is a “hot spot” deposition region near the outside edge of bend. When the pipe counter-rotates, the Coriolis force pushes the region with high value of nanoparticle mass fraction toward inside edge of the bend. The hot spot deposition region appears inside the edge. The particle deposition over the whole edge of the bend becomes uniform as the Dean number increases. The corotation of pipe makes the particle deposition efficiency a reduction, while high counter-rotation of pipe only slightly affects the deposition efficiency. When two kinds of secondary flows are coexisting, the relative deposition efficiency is larger than that for the stationary case

Effects of Inlet Pressure on Ignition of Spray Combustion

To evaluate the effects of inlet pressure on the ignition process of spray combustion, the images of the ignition process were recorded and the outlet temperatures were measured under inlet pressure of 0.04–0.16 MPa. The initial flame formation and flame propagation and the effects of the inlet pressure on the initial flame formation were observed. A variation of outlet temperature, flame propagation, initial time of outlet temperature rise, time of maximum temperature rise, and temperature rise rate was investigated. With increasing inlet pressure, the time of initial flame formation and time of maximum area growth rate of flame decrease and the centroid location move radially. The radial distances of the initial flame centroid gradually increased by about 13%, 5%, 6%, 12%, 57%, and 24%. The trace of flame centroid is determined from the distribution of fuel and is related to the initial SMD of the atomizer. The maximum temperature rise and temperature rise rate are determined by the rate of flame chemical reaction, rate of large drop evaporation, and fuel/air ratio. With increasing inlet pressure, the maximum temperature rise increased by 50%, 58%, 12%, 11%, and −9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the rate of the temperature rise increased by about 47%, 54%, 11%, 11%, and −7%, respectively

Non-Competitive Peak Decay Analysis Of Drugprotein Dissociation By High-Performance Affinity Chromatography

The peak decay method is an affinity chromatographic technique that has been used to examine the dissociation of solutes from immobilized ligands in the presence of excess displacing agent. However, it can be difficult to find a displacing agent that does not interfere with detection of the eluting analyte. In this study, a non-competitive peak decay method was developed in which no displacing agent was required for analyte elution. This method was evaluated for the study of drug-protein interactions by using it along with high-performance affinity chromatography to measure the dissociation rate constants for R- and S-warfarin from columns containing immobilized human serum albumin (HSA). Several factors were considered in the optimization of this method, including the amount of applied analyte, the column size, and the flow rate. The dissociation rate constants for R- and S-warfarin from HSA were measured at several temperatures by this approach, giving values of 0.56 (± 0.01) and 0.66 (± 0.01) s−1 at pH 7.4 and 37°C. These results were in good agreement with previous values obtained by other methods. This approach is not limited to warfarin and HSA but could be employed in studying additional drug-protein interactions or other systems with weak-to-moderate binding

Non-Competitive Peak Decay Analysis Of Drugprotein Dissociation By High-Performance Affinity Chromatography

The peak decay method is an affinity chromatographic technique that has been used to examine the dissociation of solutes from immobilized ligands in the presence of excess displacing agent. However, it can be difficult to find a displacing agent that does not interfere with detection of the eluting analyte. In this study, a non-competitive peak decay method was developed in which no displacing agent was required for analyte elution. This method was evaluated for the study of drug-protein interactions by using it along with high-performance affinity chromatography to measure the dissociation rate constants for R- and S-warfarin from columns containing immobilized human serum albumin (HSA). Several factors were considered in the optimization of this method, including the amount of applied analyte, the column size, and the flow rate. The dissociation rate constants for R- and S-warfarin from HSA were measured at several temperatures by this approach, giving values of 0.56 (± 0.01) and 0.66 (± 0.01) s−1 at pH 7.4 and 37°C. These results were in good agreement with previous values obtained by other methods. This approach is not limited to warfarin and HSA but could be employed in studying additional drug-protein interactions or other systems with weak-to-moderate binding

Computational Studies of Difference in Binding Modes of Peptide and Non-Peptide Inhibitors to MDM2/MDMX Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Inhibition of p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction is considered to be a promising strategy for anticancer drug design to activate wild-type p53 in tumors. We carry out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the binding mechanisms of peptide and non-peptide inhibitors to MDM2/MDMX. The rank of binding free energies calculated by molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) method agrees with one of the experimental values. The results suggest that van der Waals energy drives two kinds of inhibitors to MDM2/MDMX. We also find that the peptide inhibitors can produce more interaction contacts with MDM2/MDMX than the non-peptide inhibitors. Binding mode predictions based on the inhibitor-residue interactions show that the π–π, CH–π and CH–CH interactions dominated by shape complimentarity, govern the binding of the inhibitors in the hydrophobic cleft of MDM2/MDMX. Our studies confirm the residue Tyr99 in MDMX can generate a steric clash with the inhibitors due to energy and structure. This finding may theoretically provide help to develop potent dual-specific or MDMX inhibitors

Induction, development and regulation of trimolters: Great progress in the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

As the only truly agricultural and great economic domesticated insect, the silkworm is not only value as a model for genetics and rmolecular biology research, but it also has great value for new silk materials. Induction and regulation of trimolter induced by anti-juvenile hormone have shown vast potential to be significant patterns in silkworm research, especially after the further studies on the regulation mechanism of trimolters. This paper reviews the great progress of the induction technique of trimolter silkworms, particularly focusing on its cocoon quality, cocoon filament and the production of advanced silk materials. This review also presents the control technology of fine filament size and the regulatory mechanism of trimolters during the developmental stages.Key words: Silkworm, trimolter, chemical induction, development, filament control, regulatory mechanism

Multibit delta sigma modulator with noise shaping dynamic element matching

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH