The Predicament of Specialized Villages and Its Solutions: A Case Study of Zhe-Village

Due to high competition in the same trade, residents in a specialized village become “homogeneous without shared interest”. Based on a case study of Zhe-Village, this paper describes the competition and conflicts inside specialized villages, as well as attempts at reconciliation. We find traditional measures of reconciliation, e.g. through personal relationship, community elites or their local government, to be fundamentally divergent from the economic aim of specialized villages, hence the limited effectiveness. Establishing a trade association is a possible solution to the predicament of Zhe-Village, but the lack of shared interests and inaction of the local government, combined with the attitude and distorted knowledge of villagers, hamper the founding of a trade association. To overcome these obstacles, specialized villages need rules of market competition, government support and updated knowledge. In this process, social integration may reappear in specialized village

A Calibration Method for Wide Field Multicolor Photometric System

The purpose of this paper is to present a method to self-calibrate the spectral energy distribution (SED) of objects in a survey based on the fitting of an SED library to the observed multi-color photometry. We adopt for illustrative purposes the Vilnius (Strizyz and Sviderskiene 1972) and Gunn & Stryker (1983) SED libraries. The self-calibration technique can improve the quality of observations which are not taken under perfectly photometric conditions. The more passbands used for the photometry, the better the results. This technique has been applied to the BATC 15-passband CCD survey.Comment: LateX file, 1 PS file, submitted to PASP number 99-025 The English has been improved and some mistakes have been correcte