2,479 research outputs found
The complete mitochondrial genomes of two ghost moths, Thitarodes renzhiensis and Thitarodes yunnanensis: the ancestral gene arrangement in Lepidoptera
BACKGROUND: Lepidoptera encompasses more than 160,000 described species that have been classified into 45–48 superfamilies. The previously determined Lepidoptera mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are limited to six superfamilies of the lineage Ditrysia. Compared with the ancestral insect gene order, these mitogenomes all contain a tRNA rearrangement. To gain new insights into Lepidoptera mitogenome evolution, we sequenced the mitogenomes of two ghost moths that belong to the non-ditrysian lineage Hepialoidea and conducted a comparative mitogenomic analysis across Lepidoptera. RESULTS: The mitogenomes of Thitarodes renzhiensis and T. yunnanensis are 16,173 bp and 15,816 bp long with an A + T content of 81.28 % and 82.34 %, respectively. Both mitogenomes include 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and the A + T-rich region. Different tandem repeats in the A + T-rich region mainly account for the size difference between the two mitogenomes. All the protein-coding genes start with typical mitochondrial initiation codons, except for cox1 (CGA) and nad1 (TTG) in both mitogenomes. The anticodon of trnS(AGN) in T. renzhiensis and T. yunnanensis is UCU instead of the mostly used GCU in other sequenced Lepidoptera mitogenomes. The 1,584-bp sequence from rrnS to nad2 was also determined for an unspecified ghost moth (Thitarodes sp.), which has no repetitive sequence in the A + T-rich region. All three Thitarodes species possess the ancestral gene order with trnI-trnQ-trnM located between the A + T-rich region and nad2, which is different from the gene order trnM-trnI-trnQ in all previously sequenced Lepidoptera species. The formerly identified conserved elements of Lepidoptera mitogenomes (i.e. the motif ‘ATAGA’ and poly-T stretch in the A + T-rich region and the long intergenic spacer upstream of nad2) are absent in the Thitarodes mitogenomes. CONCLUSION: The mitogenomes of T. renzhiensis and T. yunnanensis exhibit unusual features compared with the previously determined Lepidoptera mitogenomes. Their ancestral gene order indicates that the tRNA rearrangement event(s) likely occurred after Hepialoidea diverged from other lepidopteran lineages. Characterization of the two ghost moth mitogenomes has enriched our knowledge of Lepidoptera mitogenomes and contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mitogenome evolution, especially gene rearrangements
Neutrino mass generation and H → γγ/Zγ correlation with scalar multiplets
One natural way to understand the excess of the measured H → γγ rate over the standard model (SM) expectation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is to have charged scalar bosons, existing in most of the SM extensions. Motivated by
this LHC result, we explore if it also sheds light on solving the small neutrino mass generation problem. We concentrate on a class of models with high-dimensional
representations of scalars to realize Majorana neutrino masses at the two-loop level without imposing any new symmetry. In these models, multi scalars with electric
charges higher than two are naturally expected, which not only enhance the H → γγ rate, but provide more searching grounds at the LHC. In particular, the rate of H → Zγ is also correlated to that of the diphoton channel
Probing Phonon dynamics and Electron-Phonon Coupling by High Harmonic Generation in Solids
Acting as a highly nonlinear response to the strong laser field, high
harmonic generation (HHG) naturally contains the fingerprints of atomic and
electronic properties of materials. Electronic properties of a solid such as
band structure and topology can thus be probed, while the phonon dynamics
during HHG are often neglected. Here we show that by exploiting the effects of
phonon deformation on HHG, the intrinsic phonon information can be deciphered
and direct probing of band- and mode-resolved electron-phonon couplings (EPC)
of photoexcited materials is possible. Considering HHG spectroscopy can be
vacuum free and unrestricted to electron occupation, this work suggests HHG is
promising for all-optical characterization of EPC in solids, especially for
gapped quantum states or materials under high pressure
Management of in- and out-of-hospital screening for hepatitis C
Because of insidious progression and no significant clinical symptoms at early stage, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is often diagnosed after the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Highly effective and low drug resistance of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have enabled cure of CHC, encouraging the World Health Organization to propose a global viral hepatitis elimination program. To Date, vaccine for CHC is still under research. Therefore, reducing the source of infection is an important means of eliminating CHC other than cutting off the transmission route, which requires screening, diagnosing and treating as many patients in the population as possible. Hospital-based screening strategy have been found to be cost-effective in the management of CHC screening, as reported both nationally and internationally. Currently, China has issued In-hospital process for viral hepatitis C screening and management in China (Draft) in April, 2021, which provides a standardized implementation process and direction for in-hospital hepatitis C screening and treatment, but still requires medical institution to develop its own management process, taking into account its current situation and learning from domestic and international experience. In addition, screening for CHC outside the hospital among special populations, such as blood donors, pregnant women, homosexuals, intravenous drug users, prisoners, and residents in rural areas with scarce medical care resources, also requires attention and development of targeted and rational screening strategies. In this paper, we analyze and recommend the management of hepatitis C screening from both in-hospital and out-of-hospital perspectives, with the aim of contributing to the formulation of hepatitis C screening strategies
Multi high charged scalars in the LHC searches and Majorana neutrino mass generations
Abstract One natural way to understand the excess of the measured H → γγ rate over the standard model (SM) expectation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is to have charged scalar bosons, existing in most of the SM extensions. Motivated by this LHC result, we explore if it also sheds light on solving the small neutrino mass generation problem. We concentrate on a class of models with high dimensional representations of scalars to realize Majorana neutrino masses at two-loop level without imposing any new symmetry. In these models, multi scalars with the electric charges higher than two are naturally expected, which not only enhance the H → γγ rate, but provide more searching grounds at the LHC. In particular, the rate of H → Zγ also changes similar to that of the diphoton channel
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