1,508 research outputs found
On Tunnelling In Two-Throat Warped Reheating
We revisit the energy transfer necessary for the warped reheating scenario in
a two-throat geometry. We study KK mode wavefunctions of the full two-throat
system in the Randall--Sundrum (RS) approximation and find an interesting
subtlety in the calculation of the KK mode tunnelling rate. While wavepacket
tunnelling is suppressed unless the Standard Model throat is very long,
wavefunctions of modes localized in different throats have a non-zero overlap
and energy can be transferred between the throats by interactions between such
KK modes. The corresponding decay rates are calculated and found to be faster
than the tunnelling rates found in previously published works. However, it
turns out that the imaginary parts of the mode frequencies, induced by the
decay, slow the decay rates themselves down. The self-consistent decay rate
turns out to be given by the plane wave tunnelling rate considered previously
in the literature. We then discuss mechanisms that may enhance the energy
transfer between the throats over the RS rates. In particular, we study models
in which the warp factor changes in the UV region less abruptly than in the RS
model, and find that it is easy to build phenomenological models in which the
plane wave tunnelling rate, and hence the KK mode interaction rates, are
enhanced compared to the standard RS setup.Comment: 27 pages + appendices, 5 figures, latex. v2: Discussion of decay in
Section 4 changed: the most dangerous graviton amplitudes are zero, the
results are now more positive for the warped reheating scenario; typos fixed,
discussion cleaned up. v3:corrections in Section 5 (decay rates slowed down),
mild changes of overall conclusion
Gauge/Gravity Duality and Warped Resolved Conifold
We study supergravity backgrounds encoded through the gauge/string
correspondence by the SU(N) \times SU(N) theory arising on N D3-branes on the
conifold. As discussed in hep-th/9905104, the dynamics of this theory describes
warped versions of both the singular and the resolved conifolds through
different (symmetry breaking) vacua. We construct these supergravity solutions
explicitly and match them with the gauge theory with different sets of vacuum
expectation values of the bi-fundamental fields A_1, A_2, B_1, B_2. For the
resolved conifold, we find a non-singular SU(2)\times U(1)\times U(1) symmetric
warped solution produced by a stack of D3-branes localized at a point on the
blown-up 2-sphere. It describes a smooth RG flow from AdS_5 \times T^{1,1} in
the UV to AdS_5 \times S^5 in the IR, produced by giving a VEV to just one
field, e.g. B_2. The presence of a condensate of baryonic operator det B_2 is
confirmed using a Euclidean D3-brane wrapping a 4-cycle inside the resolved
conifold. The Green's functions on the singular and resolved conifolds are
central to our calculations and are discussed in some detail.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures, v2 added note on wrapped euclidean D3 brane,
other minor correction
Inflationary potentials in DBI models
We study DBI inflation based upon a general model characterized by a
power-law flow parameter and speed of
sound , where and are constants.
We show that in the slow-roll limit this general model gives rise to distinct
inflationary classes according to the relation between and and
to the time evolution of the inflaton field, each one corresponding to a
specific potential; in particular, we find that the well-known canonical
polynomial (large- and small-field), hybrid and exponential potentials also
arise in this non-canonical model. We find that these non-canonical classes
have the same physical features as their canonical analogs, except for the fact
that the inflaton field evolves with varying speed of sound; also, we show that
a broad class of canonical and D-brane inflation models are particular cases of
this general non-canonical model. Next, we compare the predictions of
large-field polynomial models with the current observational data, showing that
models with low speed of sound have red-tilted scalar spectrum with low
tensor-to-scalar ratio, in good agreement with the observed values. These
models also show a correlation between large non-gaussianity with low tensor
amplitudes, which is a distinct signature of DBI inflation with large-field
polynomial potentials.Comment: Minor changes, reference added. Version submitted to JCA
Decaying Hidden Dark Matter in Warped Compactification
The recent PAMELA and ATIC/Fermi/HESS experiments have observed an excess of
electrons and positrons, but not anti-protons, in the high energy cosmic rays.
To explain this result, we construct a decaying hidden dark matter model in
string theory compactification that incorporates the following two ingredients,
the hidden dark matter scenario in warped compactification and the
phenomenological proposal of hidden light particles that decay to the Standard
Model. In this model, on higher dimensional warped branes, various warped
Kaluza-Klein particles and the zero-mode of gauge field play roles of the
hidden dark matter or mediators to the Standard Model.Comment: 15 pages; v4, several clarifications added, update on Fermi/HESS
result
Warped Supersymmetry Breaking
We address the size of supersymmetry-breaking effects within
higher-dimensional settings where the observable sector resides deep within a
strongly warped region, with supersymmetry breaking not necessarily localized
in that region. Our particular interest is in how the supersymmetry-breaking
scale seen by the observable sector depends on this warping. We obtain this
dependence in two ways: by computing within the microscopic (string) theory
supersymmetry-breaking masses in supermultiplets; and by investigating how
warping gets encoded into masses within the low-energy 4D effective theory. We
find that the lightest gravitino mode can have mass much less than the
straightforward estimate from the mass shift of the unwarped zero mode. This
lightest Kaluza-Klein excitation plays the role of the supersymmetric partner
of the graviton and has a warped mass m_{3/2} proportional to e^A, with e^A the
warp factor, and controls the size of the soft SUSY breaking terms. We
formulate the conditions required for the existence of a description in terms
of a 4D SUGRA formulation, or in terms of 4D SUGRA together with soft-breaking
terms, and describe in particular situations where neither exist for some
non-supersymmetric compactifications. We suggest that some effects of warping
are captured by a linear dependence in the Kahler potential. We outline
some implications of our results for the KKLT scenario of moduli stabilization
with broken SUSY.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figure. v2 Further discussion of dual interpretation and
gravitino mas
Dynamical Fine Tuning in Brane Inflation
We investigate a novel mechanism of dynamical tuning of a flat potential in
the open string landscape within the context of warped brane-antibrane
inflation in type IIB string theory. Because of competing effects between
interactions with the moduli stabilizing D7-branes in the warped throat and
anti-D3-branes at the tip, a stack of branes gives rise to a local minimum of
the potential, holding the branes high up in the throat. As branes successively
tunnel out of the local minimum to the bottom of the throat the potential
barrier becomes lower and is eventually replaced by a flat inflection point,
around which the remaining branes easily inflate. This dynamical flattening of
the inflaton potential reduces the need to fine tune the potential by hand, and
also leads to successful inflation for a larger range of inflaton initial
conditions, due to trapping in the local minimum.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures. v2: Updated D3-dependence in potential, small
changes to numerical result
Phase-resolved chemiluminescence of an acoustically forced jet flame at frequencies <60 Hz
Stereoselective Inhibition of Cholesterol Esterase by Enantiomers of exo- and endo-2-Norbornyl-N-n-butylcarbamates
Four stereoisomers of 2-norbornyl-N-n-butylcarbamates are characterized as the pseudo substrate inhibitors of cholesterol esterase. Cholesterol esterase shows enantioselective inhibition for enantiomers of exo- and endo-2-norbornyl-N-n-butylcarbamates. For the inhibitions by (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-exo-2-norbornyl-N-n-butylcarbamates, the R-enantiomer is 6.8 times more potent than the S-enantiomer. For the inhibitions by (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-endo-2-norbornyl-N-n-butyl-carbamates, the S-enantiomer is 4.6 times more potent than the R-enantiomer. The enzyme-inhibitor complex models have been proposed to explain these different enantioselectivities
The Universal Kaehler Modulus in Warped Compactifications
We construct the effective theory of the universal Kaehler modulus in warped
compactifications using the Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity. The
spacetime dependent 10d solution is constructed at the linear level for both
the volume modulus and its axionic partner, and nontrivial cancellations of
warping effects are found in the dimensional reduction. Our main result is that
the Kaehler potential is not corrected by warping, up to an overall shift in
the background value of the volume modulus. We extend the analysis beyond the
linearized approximation by computing the fully backreacted 10d metric
corresponding to a finite volume modulus fluctuation. Also, we discuss the
behavior of the modulus in strongly warped regions and show that there are no
mixings with light Kaluza-Klein modes. These results are important for the
phenomenology and cosmology of flux compactifications.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure; v2. corrected typos, added refs & minor
clarification
A self-tuning mechanism in (3+p)d gravity-scalar theory
We present a new type of self-tuning mechanism for ()d brane world
models in the framework of gravity-scalar theory. This new type of self-tuning
mechanism exhibits a remarkable feature. In the limit , being
the string coupling, the geometry of bulk spacetime remains virtually unchanged
by an introduction of the Standard Model(SM)-brane, and consequently it is
virtually unaffected by quantum fluctuations of SM fields with support on the
SM-brane. Such a feature can be obtained by introducing Neveu-Schwarz(NS)-brane
as a background brane on which our SM-brane is to be set. Indeed, field
equations naturally suggest the existence of the background NS-brane. Among the
given such models, of the most interest is the case with , where
represents the bulk cosmological constant. This model contains a pair
of coincident branes (of the SM- and the NS-branes), one of which is a
codimension-2 brane placed at the origin of 2d transverse space (), another a codimension-1 brane placed at the edge of .
These two branes are (anti) T-duals of each other, and one of them may be
identified as our SM-brane plus the background NS-brane. In the presence of the
background NS-brane (and in the absence of ), the 2d transverse space
becomes an orbifold with an appropriate deficit angle.
But this is only possible if the ()d Planck scale and the string
scale () are of the same order, which
accords with the hierarchy assumption \cite{1,2,3} that the electroweak scale
is the only short distance scale existing in nature
- …