Myofibromatose infantile infratemporale

La myofibromatose infantile est une affection proliférative mésenchymateuse rare de l'enfance (1 / 400 000). Ce processus tumoral bénin peut intéresser les tissus mous, les muscles, l’os et rarement les viscères. elle peut se  présenter sous une forme solitaire ou multicentrique. La localisation cervico-faciale intéresse 30% des cas. dans la littérature la localisation  infratemporale est très rare. Nous présentons le cas d'un garçon de quatre ans qui s’est présenté avec une récente limitation de l’ouverture buccale. L'imagerie (Tdm et iRm) faisait évoquer une tumeur maligne. Le diagnostic a été histologique. L’évolution a été spectaculaire, basée sur des contrôles cliniques et iRm, a été marquée par une régression quasi totale des signes cliniques et des anomalies à l’imagerie à partir du troisième mois.Mots-clés : myofibromatose infantile, infratemporale

Kyste hydatique du masséter: a propos d’un cas

La localisation cervico faciale et particulièrement musculaire massétérine est exceptionnelle même en zone d’endémie. Le kyste hydatique au niveau de cette localisation pose un problème de diagnostic et des difficultés thérapeutiques du fait de la présence de filets nerveux du VII. Les auteurs rapportent un cas rare de localisation primaire d’un kyste hydatique au niveau du muscle masséter.Mots clès : Kyste hydatique, face, masséter, imagerie, chirurgie

Mucormycose rhinosinusienne a extension palatine

Les mucormycoses sont des infections fongiques, aigues, rares et souvent fatales. Elles touchent avec prédilection les sujets  immunodéprimés. La forme rhinocérébrale est la plus fréquente. Le diagnostic repose sur l’examen clinique, anatomopathologique et mycologique. L’approche thérapeutique doit être multidisciplinaire. Les auteurs rapportent l’histoire clinique d’un patient, ayant présenté une mucormycose rhinosinusienne avec atteinte du palais au décours d’une infection dentaire. A travers cette observation, ils discutent les différents aspects cliniques, les moyens du diagnostic et les modalités thérapeutiques de la mucormycose rhinocérébrale.Mots clés : Infection fongique, mucormycose rhinocérébrale, zygomycètes, pronostic, traitement

Condition-Based Maintenance Strategy for Production Systems Generating Environmental Damage

We consider production systems which generate damage to environment as they get older and degrade. The system is submitted to inspections to assess the generated environmental damage. The inspections can be periodic or nonperiodic. In case an inspection reveals that the environmental degradation level has exceeded the critical level U, the system is considered in an advanced deterioration state and will have generated significant environmental damage. A corrective maintenance action is then performed to renew the system and clean the environment and a penalty has to be paid. In order to prevent such an undesirable situation, a lower threshold level L is considered to trigger a preventive maintenance action to bring back the system to a state as good as new at a lower cost and without paying the penalty. Two inspection policies are considered (periodic and nonperiodic). For each one of them, a mathematical model and a numerical procedure are developed to determine simultaneously the preventive maintenance (PM) threshold L∗ and the inspection sequence which minimize the average long-run cost per time unit. Numerical calculations are performed to illustrate the proposed maintenance policies and highlight their main characteristics with respect to relevant input parameters

Adénome pléomorphe du septum nasal: À propos d’un cas

Introduction : L’adénome pléomorphe représente la tumeur la plus fréquente des glandes salivaires principales. Sa découverte au niveau des cavités nasales est rare et méconnue. Matériel et Méthode : Les auteurs se proposent de rapporter une observation originale d’AP du septum, et d’en préciser les particularités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques à partir d’une revue de la littérature. Résultats : Il s’agissait d’une fillette de 9 ans ayant consulté pour une obstruction nasale gauche d’aggravation progressive évoluant depuis 5 mois, accompagnée d’une rhinorrhée intermittente homolatérale. L’examen clinique et l’imagerie ( scanner avec IRM) retrouvaient une formation tissulaire comblant la cavité nasale gauche aux dépens du tiers antérieur du septum sans lyse osseuse. Nous avons effectué l’exérèse chirurgicale de la masse, par voie endonasale sous guidage endoscopique avec un examen anatomopathologique. Les suites opératoires ont été simples. En particulier, nous n’avons pas observé de récidive avec un recul d’un an. Conclusion : Bien que rare dans cette localisation, l’AP doit être évoqué devant toute formation de la fosse nasale. L’imagerie est indispensable. Le traitement est toujours chirurgical. Le diagnostic repose sur l’histologie. Les risques de récidive et de transformation maligne imposent une surveillance post-opératoire prolongée.Mots clés : Adénome pléomorphe, Septum nasal, Chirurgie

Impairment of both IRE1 expression and XBP1 activation is a hallmark of GCB DLBCL and contributes to tumor growth.

The endoplasmic reticulum kinase inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and its downstream target X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive B-cell differentiation toward plasma cells and have been shown to contribute to multiple myeloma development; yet, little is known of the role of this pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we show that in the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL subtype, IRE1 expression is reduced to a level that prevents XBP1 activation. Gene expression profiles indicated that, in GCB DLBCL cancer samples, expression of IRE1 messenger RNA was inversely correlated with the levels and activity of the epigenetic repressor, histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Correspondingly, in GCB-derived cell lines, the IRE1 promoter carried increased levels of the repressive epigenetic mark histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation. Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 erased those marks and restored IRE1 expression and function in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, reconstitution of the IRE1-signaling pathway, by expression of the XBP1-active form, compromised GCB DLBCL tumor growth in a mouse xenograft cancer model. These findings indicate that IRE1-XBP1 downregulation distinguishes GCB DLBCL from other DLBCL subtypes and contributes to tumor growth

Changes of Sand Fly Populations and Leishmania infantum Infection Rates in an Irrigated Village Located in Arid Central Tunisia

Citation: Barhoumi, W., Fares, W., Cherni, S., Derbali, M., Dachraoui, K., Chelbi, I., . . . Zhioua, E. (2016). Changes of Sand Fly Populations and Leishmania infantum Infection Rates in an Irrigated Village Located in Arid Central Tunisia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 10. doi:10.3390/ijerph13030329The current spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) throughout arid areas of Central Tunisia is a major public health concern. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether the development of irrigation in arid bio-geographical areas in Central Tunisia have led to the establishment of a stable cycle involving sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius and Leishmania infantum, and subsequently to the emergence of ZVL. Sand flies were collected from the village of Saddaguia, a highly irrigated zone located within an arid bio-geographical area of Central Tunisia by using modified Centers for Diseases Control (CDC) light traps. Morphological keys were used to identify sand flies. Collected sand flies were pooled with up to 30 specimens per pool according to date and tested by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) DNA sequencing from positive pools was used to identify Leishmania spp. A total of 4915 sand flies (2422 females and 2493 males) were collected from Saddaguia in September and in October 2014. Morphological identification confirmed sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius to be predominant. PCR analysis followed by DNA sequencing indicated that 15 pools were infected with L. infantum yielding an overall infection rate of 0.6%. The majority of the infected pools were of sand fly species belonging to subgenus Larroussius. Intense irrigation applied to the arid bio-geographical areas in Central Tunisia is at the origin of the development of an environment capable of sustaining important populations of sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius. This has led to the establishment of stable transmission cycles of L. infantum and subsequently to the emergence of ZVL

The helicase HAGE prevents interferon-a-induced PML expression in ABCB5+ malignant melanoma-initiating cells by promoting the expression of SOCS1

The tumour suppressor PML (promyelocytic leukaemia protein) regulates several cellular pathways involving cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and senescence. PML also has an important role in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we show the involvement of the helicase HAGE in the transcriptional repression of PML expression in ABCB5 + malignant melanoma-initiating cells (ABCB5 + MMICs), a population of cancer stem cells which are responsible for melanoma growth, progression and resistance to drug-based therapy. HAGE prevents PML gene expression by inhibiting the activation of the JAK-STAT (janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway in a mechanism which implicates the suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1). Knockdown of HAGE led to a significant decrease in SOCS1 protein expression, activation of the JAK-STAT signalling cascade and a consequent increase of PML expression. To confirm that the reduction in SOCS1 expression was dependent on the HAGE helicase activity, we showed that SOCS1, effectively silenced by small interfering RNA, could be rescued by re-introduction of HAGE into cells lacking HAGE. Furthermore, we provide a mechanism by which HAGE promotes SOCS1 mRNA unwinding and protein expression in vitro

The Intensity of IUGR-Induced Transcriptome Deregulations Is Inversely Correlated with the Onset of Organ Function in a Rat Model

A low-protein diet applied during pregnancy in the rat results in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses. In humans, IUGR is associated with increased perinatal morbidity, higher incidence of neuro-developmental defects and increased risk of adult metabolic anomalies, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Development and function of many organs are affected by environmental conditions such as those inducing fetal and early postnatal growth restriction. This phenomenon, termed “fetal programming” has been studied unconnectedly in some organs, but very few studies (if any) have investigated at the same time several organs, on a more comparative basis. However, it is quite probable that IUGR affects differentially most organ systems, with possible persistent changes in gene expression. In this study we address transcriptional alterations induced by IUGR in a multi-organ perspective, by systematic analysis of 20-days rat fetuses. We show that (1) expressional alterations are apparently stronger in organs functioning late in foetal or postnatal life than in organs that are functioning early (2) hierarchical classification of the deregulations put together kidney and placenta in one cluster, liver, lungs and heart in another; (3) the epigenetic machinery is set up especially in the placenta, while its alterations are rather mild in other organs; (4) the genes appear deregulated in chromosome clusters; (5) the altered expression cascades varies from organ to organ, with noticeably a very significant modification of the complement and coagulation cascades in the kidney; (6) we found a significant increase in TF binding site for HNF4 proteins specifically for liver genes that are down-regulated in IUGR, suggesting that this decrease is achieved through the action of HNF transcription factors, that are themselves transcriptionnally induced in the liver by IUGR (x 1.84 fold). Altogether, our study suggests that a combination of tissue-specific mechanisms contributes to bring about tissue-driven modifications of gene cascades. The question of these cascades being activated to adapt the organ to harsh environmental condition, or as an endpoint consequence is still raised