Self-Organizing Algorithm for Massive Tractography Datasets Clustering with Outliers Elimination Based on Multiple Species Flocking Model

Background: The study of White Matter (WM) connectivity is of general interest in neuroscience, which is achieved by the analysis and clustering of the streamlines composed of the tractography dataset. The WM streamlines clustering is a challenge, because of the complexity and the vast size of the WM tractography dataset and its composition by various streamlines, in additionally to the presence of outliers. Methods: Several WM clustering methods have been proposed in the literature to overcome these constraints. However, these methods stay statics. Once the clustering streamline is performed, it stays in this one. In this paper, we propose a new framework of distributed multiagent, improving, and adapting a bio-inspired model called Multiple Species Flocking (MSF) for WM streamlines clustering and automatic outlier elimination. Results: The basic MSF rules are modified and adapted to perform streamlines clustering in higher dimensions. Specifically, each streamline is associated with a mobile agent and move onto a virtual space to form a group following the defined rules. Only the agents assigned to similar streamlines form a flock, whereas the agents assigned to dissimilar streamlines are sidelined and considered as outliers. Conclusion: Swarm intelligence features of the approach, such as adaptivity, parallelism, dynamism, and decentralization, make our algorithm scalable to large datasets, very fast and accurate, which are confirmed by experimental results on synthetic and real datasets

Solar Energy for the Benefit of Water Treatment: Solar Photoreactor

AbstractIn the field of the purification of wastewater the solar photocatalysis offers an interesting alternative. A process that uses luminous solar radiations to initiate chemical reactions which resists the attack and the destruction of the organic pollutants and the pathogenic agents. These characteristics allow the solar photocatalysis to be indispensable like an alternative technology for cleaning up as well as the disinfection of wastewater and integrates it in the concept of the durable development. Preliminary test results showed that the solar photocatalytic treatment of linuron gave a removal rate of 70% for more than 300minutes

Solubility Study and purification Of Industrial triple superphosphate in aqueous solution

Triple Superphosphate (TSP) is a chemical fertilizer, acknowledged by its important content of phosphorus, necessary element for plants. It’s obtained by adding phosphoric acid to phosphate ore, consisting of calcium phosphate containing many impurities. TSP was dissolved at different temperatures and in various amounts of water, filtered to remove insoluble compounds. Then the ionic conductivity was monitored for each solution as a function of the added amount of TSP. Aqueous solutions were evaporated to dryness and analyzed the P2O5. The starting materials and final products were analyzed by several methods (XRD, IR, NMR, SEM) confirming that after dissolution the product was purified

Antimutagenic and free radical scavenger effects of leaf extracts from Accacia salicina

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Three extracts were prepared from the leaves of <it>Accacia salicina</it>; ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (Chl) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts and was designed to examine antimutagenic, antioxidant potenty and oxidative DNA damage protecting activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Antioxidant activity of <it>A. salicina </it>extracts was determined by the ability of each extract to protect against plasmid DNA strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals. An assay for the ability of these extracts to prevent mutations induced by various oxidants in <it>Salmonella typhimurium </it>TA102 and TA 104 strains was conducted. In addition, nonenzymatic methods were employed to evaluate anti-oxidative effects of tested extracts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>These extracts from leaf parts of <it>A. salicina </it>showed no mutagenicity either with or without the metabolic enzyme preparation (S9). The highest protections against methylmethanesulfonate induced mutagenicity were observed with all extracts and especially chloroform extract. This extract exhibited the highest inhibitiory level of the Ames response induced by the indirect mutagen 2- aminoanthracene. All extracts exhibited the highest ability to protect plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radicals induced DNA damages. The ethyl acetate (EA) and chloroform (Chl) extracts showed with high TEAC values radical of 0.95 and 0.81 mM respectively, against the ABTS^.+.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study revealed the antimutagenic and antioxidant potenty of plant extract from <it>Accacia salicina </it>leaves.</p

Fibonacci Heaps

Binomial heaps are data structures implemented as a collection of binomial trees, (A binomial tree of order K can be constructed from two trees of order (K-1)). They can implement several methods: Min, Insert, Union, ExtractMin, DecreaseKey and Delete. Fibonacci heaps are similar to binomial heaps,howevere it figured that they had a better performance in what regards the amortized analysis, These methods have a cost of O(1) except for ExtractMin and Delete (O(lg n)) Fibonacci heaps are used to improve the cost of Dijikstra and Prim. We implemented first the algorithms of Binomial and Fibonacci. We then used ExtractMin of fibonacci so as to implement Prim and Dijikstra. We have made a bonus algorithm , Kruskal who is also a "Minimum Spanning Tree" algorithm