Perception du risque lié aux maladies infectieuses évitables par la vaccination au Québec

Ce mémoire s’inscrit une démarche exploratoire d’un nouveau concept en santé publique, celui de la perception du risque lié aux maladies infectieuses. Cette étude a pour objectif principal d’étudier comment certaines maladies infectieuses évitables par la vaccination sont perçues par différents groupes incluant des experts et des étudiants, et voir dans quelle mesure cette perception peut influencer la propension à investir dans la prévention. Pour cela un, questionnaire issu du paradigme psychométrique a été conçu et adapté aux maladies infectieuses. Ce questionnaire a été soumis aux experts du CIQ (Comité sur l’Immunisation au Québec), aux résidents en pédiatrie, et aux étudiants en santé communautaire et en épidémiologie. Cette étude a permis de décrire la perception du risque lié à certaines maladies infectieuses évitables par la vaccination au Québec selon les caractéristiques du paradigme psychométrique élaboré par Slovic. Elle a permis aussi de décrire la propension à payer et la propension à investir des participants pour prévenir ces maladies. Cette étude met en évidence des difficultés dans l’application du paradigme psychométrique pour caractériser les maladies infectieuses concernées. D’autres études doivent être menées pour confirmer ces résultats.This study is an exploration of a new concept in public health, the perception of the risk of infectious diseases process. It aims to explore how primary target for vaccine-preventable infectious diseases are perceived by different groups including experts and students, and see how this perception may influence the propensity to invest in prevention. Thus, the questionnaire from the psychometric paradigm was designed and adapted to infectious diseases. This questionnaire was submitted to experts of the QIC (Québec Immunization Committee), the pediatric residents, and students in community health and epidemiology. This study described the risk perception about some preventable infectious diseases by vaccination in Quebec according to the characteristics of psychometric paradigm developed by Slovic. It also helped to describe the willingness to pay and willingness to invest participants to prevent these diseases. This study highlights the difficulties in the application of psychometric paradigm to characterize the infectious diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm these results

Effectiveness of a participatory approach to develop school health interventions in four low resource cities: study protocol of the ‘empowering adolescents to lead change using health data’ cluster randomised controlled trial

Introduction Comprehensive local data on adolescent health are often lacking, particularly in lower resource settings. Furthermore, there are knowledge gaps around which interventions are effective to support healthy behaviours. This study generates health information for students from cities in four middle-income countries to plan, implement and subsequently evaluate a package of interventions to improve health outcomes.Methods and analysis We will conduct a cluster randomised controlled trial in schools in Fez, Morocco; Jaipur, India; Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica; and Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. In each city, approximately 30 schools will be randomly selected and assigned to the control or intervention arm. Baseline data collection includes three components. First, a Global School Health Policies and Practices Survey (G-SHPPS) to be completed by principals of all selected schools. Second, a Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) to be administered to a target sample of n=3153 13–17 years old students of randomly selected classes of these schools, including questions on alcohol, tobacco and drug use, diet, hygiene, mental health, physical activity, protective factors, sexual behaviours, violence and injury. Third, a study validating the GSHS physical activity questions against wrist-worn accelerometry in one randomly selected class in each control school (n approximately 300 students per city). Intervention schools will develop a suite of interventions using a participatory approach driven by students and involving parents/guardians, teachers and community stakeholders. Interventions will aim to change existing structures and policies at schools to positively influence students’ behaviour, using the collected data and guided by the framework for Making Every School a Health Promoting School. Outcomes will be assessed for differential change after a 2-year follow-up.Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by WHO’s Research Ethics Review Committee; by the Jodhpur School of Public Health’s Institutional Review Board for Jaipur, India; by the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Institutional Review Board for Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana; by the Ministry of Health and Wellness’ Advisory Panel on Ethics and Medico-Legal Affairs for St Catherine Parish, Jamaica, and by the Comité d’éthique pour la recherche biomédicale of the Université Mohammed V of Rabat for Fez, Morocco. Findings will be shared through open access publications and conferences.Trial registration number NCT04963426