学童の健康状況・生活習慣と生活習慣病予備軍のスクリーニング方法に関する研究(健康科学科)

小児生活習慣病予備軍のスクリーニング手法を開発することを目的に、学童の保護者1,619人を対象とした生活習慣実態調査及び肥満児等107人を対象とした健康教室を行った。その結果、肥満度と動脈硬化初期病変の血液指標との関連が認められたことから、肥満度と関連があった好ましくない生活習慣等13項目(不健康、BMI、家族の肥満、睡眠時間、就寝時刻、戸外遊び、保護者の悩みの食べすぎ・早食べ・噛み方・間食夜食・テレビをみる時間、多脂肪食品や野菜の摂取)をスクリーニング項目とした。更に、先行研究における肥満度との関連が認められている3項目(ジュース、甘い及び塩辛いおやつの摂取)を追加し、計16項目について有意水準をもとに傾斜配点を行った。更に、生活リズム及び排便の2項目は、肥満度との関連に関する先行研究はなかったが生活指導上重要な項目であると考え、結果的には未配点として追加し、最終的なスクリーニング票は18項目とした。18項目を用い、スクリーニング得点と血液検査にもとづく異常者数が一致した得点によって、傾斜配点したスクリーニング票を完成した。今後、スクリーニング票の活用によって、検診や健康教育の必要な子ども達を選択するための負担の軽減や生活習慣病に関する経費を節減できることが示唆された。To develop a screening checklist for future lifestyle-related diseases in children, a questionnaire survey of 1619 parents and training; for example, cooking and exercise education, of 107 obese children were conducted. A relationship between obesity level and a blood index indicating first stage arteriosclerosis was recognized. Thirteen undesirable items indicated in the questionnaire were selected for use in the checklist: 1) poor health, 2) a BMI of more than 22, 3) a family history of obesity, 4) short sleeping time, 5) sleeping late, 6) infrequent playing outdoors, 7) overeating, 8) speedy eating, 9) insufficient chewing, 10) frequent snacking during the day and night, 11) long hours of television watching, 12) overeating of greasy food, and 13) undereating of vegetables. An additional 3 items obtained in a previous study were also shown to be significantly correlated with the overweight index and daily lifestyles; namely, consumption of 14) sweet and fizzy drinks, and 15) sweet and 16) salty snacks. Consequently, 16 items were included in the checklist. Each was allotted a different point based on a significance level then total individual scores were calculated for 107 obese children. Two further items, 17) life rhythm and 18) bowel movement patterns, although they haven't been examined previously, were also deemed important and added to the checklist but without a screening score. The final checklist therefore consisted of 18 items. Use of the revised checklist was consequently examined. The results revealed that the screening scores correlated with blood test disorders. It was therefore suggested that the checklist could be used to help identify children in need of medical examination and health education, without the need for extensive testing, helping decrease the costs of life-style related diseases.原著Original国立情報学研究所で電子