A2_6 Look at the size of that!

Further to the paper titled "Terraforming Mars: Creating a Magnetic Field" we investigate the size of the magnetopause that would be created by giving Mars a dipolar magnetic field. It is found that if the magnetic field at the equator is the same as that on Earth (31,000nT) then the stand-off distance of the magnetopause would be roughly 37000km

A2_5 Rotation Aviation

This paper investigates the feasibility of an aircraft flying using the Magnus efect by replacing its conventional wings with cylindrical wings that rotate. It is found that if the wings were to maintain roughly their current size, the minimum angular frequency required to create enough lift at take-off is 37.69 rad/s and at cruising speed is 8.58 rad/s

A2_3 Terraforming Mars: Creating a Magnetic Field

This paper investigates the possibility of generating a magnetic field on Mars by using a single turn coil. It was found that the current needed to create a magnetic field of similar magnitude to that of the Earth’s is 9.47E8 A. In order for a cable of copper to be able to carry this current without melting it was found that it would need a radius of 70.4m. The power that is needed to run this coil was found to be 2.06E13 Js-1 which is 121% of the power used on Earth every second

A comparison of micromanometric and standard manometric techniques for recording of oesophageal motility

Perfused micromanometric assemblies with an outer diameter of 2 mm or less have been developed for use in premature infants and small laboratory animals. Such assemblies offer advantages with regard to subject comfort and low perfusion rates that make them attractive for use in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the recording fidelity of micromanometric assemblies in the measurement of oesophageal peristalsis in adults. Two micromanometric assemblies with an outer diameter of 1.8-2.0 mm and a length suitable for use in adults (165 cm), and containing micromanometric lumina of 0.28-0.35 mm i.d. and a standard lumen of 0.6-0.75 mm i.d. were evaluated. Each assembly was tested by measurement of pressure rise rate in response to sudden occlusion, and in vivo during oesophageal peristalsis by simultaneous comparison with an intraluminal strain gauge. At perfusion rates of 0.01-0.15 mL min-1 microlumina achieved pressure rise rates of 21-430 mmHg sec-1 that were comparable to 37-390 mmHg sec-1 for the standard lumina perfused at 0.15-0.6 mL min-1. During oesophageal peristalsis, micromanometric lumina recorded the occurrence and timing of all pressure waves accurately when compared with standard lumina and the microtransducer. However, microlumina under-recorded pressure wave amplitude to varying degrees dependent upon perfusion rate although the performance of microlumina could be improved to that of the standard lumen by shortening their length to 70 cm. Micromanometric assemblies are suitable for recording oesophageal peristalsis in adults although there is some impairment of absolute manometric fidelity. Fidelity can be improved by minimizing total assembly length

Is esophageal dysphagia in the extreme elderly (>/-80 years) different to dysphagia younger adults? A clinical motility service audit

The definitive version may be found at www.wiley.comDysphagia in elderly patients has major effects on nutrition and quality of life. Although aging itself is associated with changes in esophageal motility, the impact of this on symptoms such as dysphagia is unclear. Data in the extreme elderly are also limited. Symptoms and manometric diagnoses from 23 consecutive older patients (older dysphagia [OD]) >or=80 reporting esophageal dysphagia (12 female, mean age 83 (range 80-93) were compared with those from 23 gender matched younger patients (young dysphagia [YD]) also with dysphagia (mean age 35, range [17-46]). More older patients reported dysphagia as their primary symptom (OD 22/23 vs YD 14/23, P = 0.005). Overall, dysphagia was most common for solids only (OD 16/23 vs YD 15/23) and rare for liquids only (OD 1/23 vs YD 3/23). Dysphagia for both liquids and solids was more frequent in older patients (OD 6/23 vs YD 1/23, P < 0.05). Fewer older patients reported heartburn (OD 3/23 vs YD 14/23, P = 0.001). Manometric diagnoses were generally similar between OD and YD patients with the most common diagnoses being 'nonspecific esophageal motility disorder' (nine each) and 'ineffective peristalsis' (OD = 6, YD = 7). There was a trend for diagnoses related to lower esophageal sphincter failure to be more frequent in younger subjects (OD 1 vs YD 7, P = 0.053). Despite differences in symptom patterns, broad manometric diagnoses in the extreme elderly with dysphagia are similar to younger dysphagia patients. Further studies are required to determine whether this relates to insensitivity in recording or reporting of esophageal manometry (or perceptual differences associated with aging).J. M. Andrews, R. J. Fraser, R. Heddle, G. Hebbard and H. Checkli

Effect of duodenal glucose load on blood pressure in type 2 diabetes

Abstract not available.Chinmay S. Marathe, Michael Horowitz, Laurence G. Trahair, Michelle Bound, Helen Checklin, Kylie Lange, Christopher K. Rayner, Karen L. Jone