A Design Methodology for Development of Clinically Compliant Upper Limb Spasticity Part-Task Trainer

芝浦工業大学201

Towards Implementing Upper Limb Spasticity Simulator(ULSS) in Medical Education; An Integrative Literature Review and Methodology

Simulation is widely used in Medical Education as a teaching and learning method. The purpose of this paper is to discover the implication of the simulator into clinical trainee behaviour, medical education, and patient safety. At the other hand, a methodology of quantitative research design towards implementing Upper Limb Spasticity Simulator (ULSS) named BITA1.0 is discussed. The Descriptive Quantitative Research design is focused on formative clinical assessment with students of Master in Rehabilitation, Universiti Teknologi MARA as subjects with pre and post-response test. With the intention of implementing BITA1.0 into medical education, the result from The Descriptive Quantitative Research is essential. Keywords: simulation; spasticity; upper limb; medical education eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.255

A Questionnaire-Based Survey: Therapists Response towards Upper Limb Disorder Learning Tool

Previous studies have shown that there are arguments regarding the reliability and validity of the Ashworth and Modified Ashworth Scale towards evaluating patients diagnosed with upper limb disorders. These evaluations depended on the raters' experiences. This initiated us to develop an upper limb disorder part-task trainer that is able to simulate consistent upper limb disorders, such as spasticity and rigidity signs, based on the Modified Ashworth Scale to improve the variability occurring between raters and intra-raters themselves. By providing consistent signs, novice therapists would be able to increase training frequency and exposure towards various levels of signs. A total of 22 physiotherapists and occupational therapists participated in the study. The majority of the therapists agreed that with current therapy education, they still face problems with inter-raters and intra-raters variability (strongly agree 54%; n = 12/22, agree 27%; n = 6/22) in evaluating patients' conditions. The therapists strongly agreed (72%; n = 16/22) that therapy trainees needed to increase their frequency of training; therefore believe that our initiative to develop an upper limb disorder training tool will help in improving the clinical education field (strongly agree and agree 63%; n = 14/22)

Electromyography (EMG) for assessment in low back pain; erector spinae muscle

The purpose of electromyography (EMG) study is to identify which position of surface EMG sensor attached to erector spinae muscle related with lower back pain by squat and stoop lifting technique. This is to avoid lower back pain (LBP) occur during Manual Materials Handling (MMH). There are only one types of upper extremity muscle were chosen to be monitored in this study which is erector spinae (ES) muscle with different electrodes placement on the surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor. However, each of the lifting styles come out with the different reading of root mean square (RMS) frequency for each muscle chosen. In this study, the two subjects consist of two females with normal body mass index (BMI) range from 18.5 to 24.9 with same physical measurement, was selected in order to perform both styles of lifting which are squatting and stooping. For every session the subject will undertake 15 repetitions with 15 minutes rest in between for each movement. In furtherance of to get the analysis muscle activity, proEMG software is used. The results of study for subject female 1 showed that the squat technique had higher levels of muscle activation compared to stoop technique on left erector spinae (LES) muscle. However, the LES muscle activation for subject 2 is greater at stoop activity. On the contrary, squat technique had lower fatigue analysis compared to stoop technique for both subjects on LES muscle. Conclusion, squat technique is better than stoop technique but stoop lift is more natural and spontaneously used for MMH

Development and Control of Hand Exoskeleton System Using Intended Movement

Hand motor impairment is a common disability among stroke survivors that severely affect their ability in activities of daily livings (ADLs), reducing independence and quality of life. Throughout the rehabilitation process, stroke patients able to regain partially or fully the hand motor function. However, the conventional rehabilitation process is limited by the insufficient number of therapists, labor-intensiveness, and low compliance. The objective of this study was to support the rehabilitation process and ADLs through the development of the Flexible Linkage Hand Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Robot (FLEXOR), a five fingers 3D printed prototype actuated by linear actuators. FLEXOR was controlled using intended movement to support the independent exercises and to assist the ADLs movement. An Arduino-based control system driven by electromyography (EMG) signal was developed for FLEXOR. The new control system protected the hand against over-flexing and excessive application of force. The control system was programmed into three different operating modes which enable FLEXOR to provide passive exercises to the fingers, assist fingers in ADLs movement with minimal efforts, and provide active exercises while assisting fingers in ADLs

Data-Driven Model for Upper Limb Spasticity Detection

Healthcare providers in the field of physical and rehabilitation medicine play a vital role to help patients suffering spasticity readapting themselves to their normal daily activities. Mathematical modeling of spasticity has the potential to avoid the issue of variability in the assessment of spasticity using the Modified Ashworth scale (MAS). In this work, an existing mathematical model for upper limb spasticity is verified using clinical data sets of upper limb spasticity collected in Malaysia at the level of MAS 1+. The data set consists of torque values measured at each elbow angle as the elbow extends from a full flexion position to a full extension position during slow and fast stretch of the forearm. The aim is to find out the capability of the mathematical model and lay a foundation for the future work on data-driven modeling of upper limb spasticity based on the Modified Ashworth Scale

Amalan kreativiti pengajaran guru pendidikan Islam di sekolah-sekolah negeri Johor

Kajian dijalankan berkaitan amalan kreativiti pengajaran guru Pendidikan Islam sekolahsekolah menengah Negeri Johor. Ianya bertujuan mengetahui sejauh mana tahap kefahaman kreativiti, tahap kreativiti pengajaran guru Pendidikan Islam dan pengajaran dominan guru Pendidikan Islam di sekolah-sekolah. Kaedah kajian secara kuantitatif menggunakan instrumen soal selidik dengan dua bentuk kaedah. Pertama, soal selidik ditadbir oleh responden dan kedua tinjauan pengajaran guru menggunakan instrumen soal selidik yang berjustifikasi jawapan terhadap 31 orang guru Pendidikan Islam yang mengajar di Tingkatan Dua sebanyak tiga kali seorang. Pembinaan instrumen dan kajian rintis telah mendapat pengesahan pakar untuk kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan item. Data diperolehi serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian komputer Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Versi 20.0. Hasil kajian mendapati guru Pendidikan Islam mempunyai tahap kefahaman kreativiti dan tahap kreativiti pengajaran yang sederhana baik dari segi praktikal dalam bilik darjah. Oleh itu, kajian ini menghasilkan satu model kreativiti pengajaran guru Pendidikan Islam untuk sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah-sekolah di Malaysia

PLC system to optimize training device of upper limb spasticity / Nurul Atiqah Othman...[et al.]

This study provides an alternative to improvise the therapist education system by reaping the benefits of transferring industrial robotics precision into the medical and healthcare education. The proposed therapist education training simulator is driven and controlled by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). It aims to innovate the systematic learning of physiotherapy skill sets in dealing with upper limb spasticity according to the module introduced in earlier research and publications. This research will introduce the combination of a clinical database of spasticity symptoms, the earlier work on this same simulator, and also human machine interface (HMI). This research is motivated by the purpose to avoid injury during therapy sessions due to the lack of skills and experiences of the trainee therapists. This research is to enhance the hands-on training of the trainee therapists with the proposed upper limb simulator before the real engagement with patients. This approach shows promising future improvement in therapist education strategies by combining Human Machine Interface Software Control and Data Acquisition (HMI SCADA) with PLC to further optimize the training device of upper limb spasticity simulator