Effect of the level of depletion of the available soil maisture upon the cotton crop in Canas, Guanacaste

Se estudió el efecto de tres agotamientos de la humedad aprovechable del suelo en el cultivo del algodón, con el cultivar Stoneville 213. Los tratamientos fueron 25%, 50 y 75% de agotamiento de la humedad aprovechable antes y después de la floración, respectivamente. El análisis de rendimiento no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, que involucran de seis hasta 16 riegos durante el ciclo vegetativo, si bien conforme se aumentó el agotamiento de la humedad del suelo disminuyó la altura de la planta. Se sugiere regar solo cuando se agote el 75% de la humedad aprovechable, bajo condiciones como las del ensayo.The effect of three available soil water depletion levels on the growth and yield of cotton, cv. Stoneville 213, was studied at Cañas, Province of Guanacaste Costa Rica. Treatments were 25, 50 and 75% available soil water depletion plus a combination treatment where irrigation was provided upon reaching 50% and 25% available water depletion before and after bloom, respectively . There were no significant differences among treatments in yield, yield components and flower shed although plant height decreased as soil water depletion increased. Under the conditions of the trial it is suggested that irrigation can be held until 75% available water depletion is reached.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM

Analysis of histological frequency and pediatric cancer in Rondônia, Western Amazonia (Brazil)

Objective:Describe the histological and cancer frequency in children and adolescents attended at the Hospital de Base Dr. Ary Pinheiro and the Hospital de Barretos / Rondônia, Western Amazonia, in the years 2014 and 2015. Method: This is a descriptive, quantitative and transverse study. We used a structured instrument containing a series of variables, such as gender, age, histological types, more frequent neoplasms, lymphomas, leukemias, among others. We asked The Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos (Research Ethics Committee) to dispense the Informed Consent Form because the study did not require intervention on the patient or collection of biological material, and no possibility of constraints on patients and their relatives. Results: From 75 cases, 32 (42.7%) were female and 43 (57.3%) were male. Regarding the distribution of patients according to the age group, 21 (28.0%) were younger than 4 years, 12 (16.0%), 5 to 9 years, 17 (22.6%) from 10 to 14 and 25 (33.4%) from 15 to 19. The most frequent histological types by gender were leukemias of myeloproliferative diseases and myelodysplastic diseases with 30% and 50% new cases in the period, followed by lymphomas and reticuloendothelial neoplasms with 16.65% and 20, 0% of the histological types in the period. Leukemia in the hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system (C42) is the most frequent cancer in both, female and male gender, with 47.5% of cancers in the biennium. The second group of cancers in children from 0 to 19 years old and location of the primary tumor is the encephalon carcinoma (C71), with 11.25% of the new cases. Conclusions: The results presented with their proper nuances are in agreement with the data of studies carried out in Brazil and in other countries

Effect of the hydric deficit on different stages of development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Se estudió el efecto del déficit hidrico por omisión de un riego, en varias etapas de desarrolla del cultivar de frijol rojo Huetar, del 31 de enero al 18 de abril de 1986 en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela Costa Rica. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con seis tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. De acuerdo con la nomenclatura del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, 1983, los tratamientos consistieron en la omisión del riego en las siguientes etapas de desarrollo: a. Omisión de riego en la aparición de la primera hola trifaliada; b. Omisión de riego prefloración; c. Omisión de riego en floración; d. Omisión de riego en llenado de vainas; e. Omisión de riego en maduración y f. Sin restricción de agua (testigo). La unidad experimental consistió de tres hileras distanciadas a 0,60 m y 40 m de longitud, la parcela útil fue la hilera central (22,8 m2). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en la producción de semilla al 12% de humedad y número de vainas por planta. La mayor restricción en la producción de semilla y en el número de vainas por planta fue inducida por el déficit de humedad en las etapas de floración y llenado de vainas.The effect of the hydric deficit, by omitting one irrigation, at different stages of development of common-bean (Phaseolug vulagaris L., Huetar cultivar) was studied from January 31 st through April 18 th, 1986, at the Fabio Baudrit Experimental Station in Alaiuela, Costa Rica. A Ramdomized Complete Block Design with six treatments and four replications was used. The experimental unit consisted of three 40 m long rows, planted 0.60 m apart, and taking the intermediate row as the useful plot (22.8 m2). The treatments consisted in the omission of one irrigation during the following deve1opment stages (according to the nomenclature of the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical- CIAT, 1983) a) appearance of the first trifoliate leaf, b) pre-blooming, c) blooming, d)pod filling, e) maturation and f) control with no water restrain. There were significant differences among treatments in seed production at 12 %,humidity and number of pods-per plant. The lowest yields in seed production and number of pods per plant were produced when the water was withheld at the blooming and pod filling stages.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM

Geoepidemiological Profile of Leprosy in Rondônia, Brazil

The research aimed to evaluate the geoepidemiological profile of leprosy and its spatially uneven production in the state of Rondonia in the period from 2011 to 2014, from the perspective of medical geography, identifying and performing mapping of critical areas of the spatial production of leprosy. The study it is quantitative, descriptive and retrospective research. Information System Diseases and Reportable - the database SINAN (Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificáveis) was used. For the clothing of thematic maps was used ArcGIS program. The research universe was created by the registration of all new cases of leprosy reported in the period from 2011 to 2014, living in Rondonia. The State of Rondonia had 2,972 (two thousand nine hundred seventy-two) new cases of leprosy in the period studied, respectively 827 new cases in 2011, 779 in 2012, 2013 686 and 2014 680, which corresponds to 5.24 detection rate in 2011 4.93 2012 3.96 3.88 2013 and 2014 and are classified as hyperendemic area with detection rate/average incidence of 4.50 per 10,000 inhabitants. Leprosy is present in virtually 100% of the municipalities of Rondonia

Quantitative methods and studies of psychic disorders and job satisfaction of teachers of the prison system in the Amazon, Brazil

Objective: To analyze the level of mental suffering and the level of job satisfaction in 85% of the teachers of the state education network who work in the prison units in the city of Porto Velho, Rondonia, Amazonia, Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study; and for the data collection, three structured instruments were used: the sociodemographic questionnaire; the Self-Report-Questionnaire Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and the OSI-Occupational Stress Indicator Scale, Measured by Likert Scale. Results: The results showed that 12.5% of the teachers presented minor psychic disorders, considered as indicators of evidence of mental distress. Satisfaction in the work had indexes similar to those found in the literature, presenting the highest proportion in the intermediate variables, that is, their highest frequencies are in the range of some dissatisfaction, with 32.28%; and 32.04% with some satisfaction. The highest index of dissatisfaction is in the variable that refers to salary, with 29.4%. Conclusions: From the results, it is possible to indicate a possible association between job satisfaction and mental suffering. This study will provide great reflections on the teaching practice in prison units and will contribute to the occupational health of teachers working in prison units, allowing a rethinking of public policies in education and health in the context of the prison system

Geoepidemiology of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in the South of Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is one of the parasites with specific characteristics in several regions of Brazil. In recent years, there have been variations in the increase in the number of cases of this disease in different regions of the country. In the state of Rondônia, ACL is considered one of the endemic diseases. Objective: This study described epidemiological aspects of ACL in a subspace of Rondônia, Western Amazon, in the period between 2012 and 2013. Method: This is a retrospective epidemiological study developed in 02 municipalities located in the south of Rondônia according to with model developed by Paraguassu-Chaves [3] comprising the municipalities of Vilhena and Chupinguaia. Results: The study revealed that 370 human cases of ACL were reported in the study period. The male gender predominated with (89.5%) of the total cases, the age range (20 to 39) years (36.6%) prevailed, low schooling (80%) had a maximum of complete elementary education (62.5%). The greatest number of cases came from the urban zone (66.9%), resulting from the adaptation of sandflies to the periurbanization of cities in the Amazon, as predicted by Paraguassu-Chaves [3]. Some of these variables presented significant differences when compared to production and distribution in the State of Rondônia. Prevalence of autochthonous cases was 81.7%. Regarding the clinical aspects, the cutaneous lesion (CL) predominated with 90.8% of the new cases. As expected, the cases confirmed by confirmation criteria indicate 89.5% clinical-laboratory confirmation in the studied subspace and 94% in the State of Rondônia. Of the cases confirmed by evolution of the case prevailed to cure with 77.5% and 12.5% ignored or recorded in the blank. The dropout still stands out negatively with 8.4%. Conclusion: The ACL presents a public health problem due to its high endemicity. It was identified some important epidemiological variables for the study in the Brazilian Amazon and that can condition and / or determine areas associated with possible risks of infection by the parasites

Grapevine varieties exhibiting differences in stomatal response to water deficit

Abstract. Knowledge on variety traits and physiological responses to stress is still scarce in Vitis vinifera L., limiting the optimisation of irrigation and breeding for high water use efficiency. We have characterised five grapevine varieties using thermal imaging, leaf gas exchange, leaf morphology and carbon isotope composition. Plants of the varieties Aragonez, Trincadeira, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Touriga Nacional were grown in field conditions. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment I (2006), vines of Aragonez and Trincadeira were either well irrigated (WI, 80% ETc), nonirrigated but rain fed (NI) or subjected to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, 40% ETc) and studied along the summer season. In Experiment II (2006 and 2007), vines of the five varieties were subjected to RDI (30–40% ETc) and studied at veraison. In Experiment I, leaf temperature (Tleaf) correlated negatively with stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (Ypd). The inverse relationship between gs and Tleaf was highly significant in the afternoon. In Experiment II, the different genotypes showed different Tleaf for similar Ypd. Stomatal density did not correlate with gs suggesting that varieties have different stomatal control. Our results show that combined measurements of canopy temperature and Ypd can aid in better understanding of stomatal regulation in different grapevine varieties. Such variation in stomatal regulation should be taken into account in determining irrigation strategie