Violencia escolar y habilidades sociales en adolescentes de instituciones educativas públicas del distrito de Los Olivos, Lima, 2019

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la violencia escolar y habilidades sociales en adolescentes de instituciones educativas públicas del distrito de Los Olivos, 2019. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo correlacional de diseño no experimental y fue realizada en estudiantes de tres instituciones educativas en el distrito de Los Olivos donde fueron un total 2222 adolescentes, para lo cual se aplicó el Cuestionario de violencia escolar CUVE-ES y Escala de habilidades sociales. En cuanto la muestra estuvo compuesta por 328 estudiantes. Entre los principales resultados se observa que hay una relación significativa inversa, baja y débil entre la violencia escolar y habilidades sociales

Biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16 as an alternative to revalue agri-food by-products.

Probiotic metabolites, known as postbiotics, have received attention due to their wide variety of promoting health effects. One of the most exciting postbiotic is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), widely produced by lactic acid bacteria, due to its benefits in health. In addition, the performance of the biosynthesis of GABA by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum could be modulated through the modification of fermentation parameters. Due to their high nutritional value, agri-food by-products could be considered a useful fermentation source for microorganisms. Therefore, these by-products were proposed as fermentation substrates to produce GABA in this study. Previously, several experiments in Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth were performed to identify the most critical parameters to produce GABA using the strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K16. The percentage of inoculum, the initial pH, and the concentration of nutrients, such as monosodium glutamate or glucose, significantly affected the biosynthetic pathway of GABA. The highest GABA yield was obtained with 500mM of monosodium glutamate and 25g/L of glucose, and an initial pH of 5.5 and 1.2% inoculum. Furthermore, these investigated parameters were used to evaluate the possibility of using tomato, green pepper, apple, or orange by-products to get GABA-enriched fermented media, which is an excellent way to revalorise them.This work was supported by the Basque government (grant ELKARTEK – KK-2019/00034)

Use of rasburicase to improve kidney function in children with hyperuricemia and acute kidney injury

Background Hyperuricemia contributes to decrease in kidney function and induces additional renal damage in children with acute kidney injury (AKI). Rasburicase oxidizes uric acid (UA), decreasing its serum quantities in less than 24 h. Methods This is a retrospective study involving hospitalized patients under 18 years of age with underlying pathology diagnosed with AKI and severe hyperuricemia treated with rasburicase over a 4-year period. Results We describe 15 patients from 4 days of life to 18 years (median: 4.4 years). Seventy-three percent had known underlying pathologies. All presented worsening of basal renal function or AKI data. All received the usual medical treatment for AKI without response. Twenty percent received an extrarenal depuration technique. All had hyperuricemia with a mean (± SD) of 13.1 (± 2.19) mg/dl. After rasburicase administration UA levels fell to a mean (± SD) of 0.76 (± 0.62) mg/dl (p < 0.001) in less than 24 h. In parallel, a decrease in the mean plasma creatinine was observed (2.92 mg/dl to 1.93 mg/dl (p = 0.057)) together with a significant improvement of the mean glomerular filtration rate (16.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 78.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) (p = 0.001)). No side effects were recorded. Kidney function normalized in all cases or returned to baseline levels. Conclusions Although the use of rasburicase is not routinely approved in pediatric patients with severe hyperuricemia and AKI, it has been used successfully without complications, and helped prevent progressive kidney damage. This study could serve as a basis for suggesting the off-label use of rasburicase for the management of complex pediatric patients in whom UA plays an important role in the development of AKI.This study was supported by a grant from the Department of Education (IT1281-19) of the Basque Government. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Effects of the whole seed and a protein isolate of faba bean (Vicia faba) on the cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic rats

The aim of the present work was to analyse the hypocholesterolaemic efficiency of a Vicia fabaprotein isolate in relation to the intact legume. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this isolate were investigated. Hypercholesterolaemic rats were divided into three groups n10 3 and fed high-fat diets rich in cholesterol-containing casein, whole seeds of Vicia faba or the protein isolate of faba beans as protein source, for 2 weeks ad libitum. The protein isolate was prepared by isoelectric precipitation and spray dried. Analyses of serum, liver and faeces, as well as of the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, were assessed by enzymatic methods. The rats fed on Vicia faba diets showed significantly lower body weights and energy intakes than rats fed on casein diets. The wholeseed diet induced a significant reduction in plasma triacylglycerol. Feeding rats on diets containing faba bean seeds, or the protein isolate, induced a significant decrease in plasma (LDL+VLDL)-cholesterol but not in HDL-cholesterol. Hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol were also reduced. The hypocholesterolaemic effects of Vicia faba were not the result of a reduction in cholesterol synthesis as assessed from HMG-CoA reductase activity, but the result of an increase in steroid faecal excretion. The faba bean-protein isolate obtained under our experimental conditions was useful in improving the metabolic alterations induced by feeding with a hypercholesterolaemic diet compared with casein. The effectiveness of the whole seeds was higher than that of the protein isolate

Mathematical analysis of a low cost mechanical ventilator respiratory dynamics enhanced by a sensor transducer (st) based in nanostructures of anodic aluminium oxide (aao)

Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru

Executive summary. diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection. Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP), the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) and the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Health Management (SEMPSPGS)

[spa] El virus de la gripe ha acompañado al ser humano desde tiempo inmemorial, en forma de epidemias anuales y pandemias ocasionales. Se trata de una infección respiratoria con múltiples repercusiones sobre la vida de las personas a nivel individual y social, así como una importante sobrecarga para el sistema sanitario. El presente documento de consenso surge de la colaboración de diversas sociedades científicas españolas implicadas en la atención de la infección por virus de la gripe. Las conclusiones extraídas se han fundamentado en las evidencias de mayor calidad disponibles en la literatura científica y, en su defecto, en la opinión de los expertos convocados. En el documento de consenso se abordan los aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos, terapéuticos y preventivos (respecto de la prevención de la transmisión y en relación con la vacunación) de la gripe, tanto para población pediátrica como para adultos. Este documento de consenso pretende ayudar a facilitar el abordaje clínico, microbiológico y preventivo de la infección por virus de la gripe y, consecuentemente, a disminuir sus importantes consecuencias sobre la morbimortalidad de la población.[eng]The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection. The conclusions drawn are based on the highest quality evidence available in the scientific literature and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts convened. The Consensus Document addresses the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects (with respect to the prevention of transmission and in relation to vaccination) of influenza, for both adult and pediatric populations. This Consensus Document aims to help facilitate the clinical, microbiological, and preventive approach to influenza virus infection and, consequently, to reduce its important consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population

Cuerpos y prácticas: una década de estudios ctg

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos algunas investigaciones realizadas en el área de estudios sociales de la ciencia bajo el enfoque denominado Ciencia, Tecnología y Género (CTG). La intersección de los estudios sociales de la ciencia con la teoría feminista y los estudios de género ha dado lugar a este campo de estudio interdisciplinar. En el Estado español, se han llevado a cabo múltiples trabajos en esta línea, de los que exponemos algunos de los realizados por nuestro grupo de investigación al menos en los últimos diez años. Se centran en estudios de caso, que implican diferentes tecnologías biomédicas, y en los que los cuerpos juegan un papel fundamental estableciendo alianzas, resistencias o cuestionando los marcos normativos en los que cuerpos y tecnologías se hayan inmersos

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Quality Classification System of warehouses business park in Brazil.

Atualmente no mercado brasileiro de condomínios de galpões logísticos são ofertados empreendimentos em variados estratos de qualidade. Isto decorre do grande espectro de necessidades e demandas de uma ampla variedade de usuários interessados em ocupar Condomínios Logísticos (CL). De modo geral, os usuários desta tipologia de empreendimento procuram, além da eficiência de armazenagem, outros serviços e atributos tais como: localização privilegiada, moderna infraestrutura de sistemas prediais, forte segurança patrimonial, incentivos fiscais na região, flexibilidade no projeto para ajustar as instalações existentes a requisitos operacionais específicos, entre outros. A partir do conjunto de atributos de qualidade oferecidos aos usuários é possível enquadrar empreendimentos deste segmento em classes específicas que permitam o mercado fazer uma leitura sem viés do padrão de qualidade dos empreendimentos em oferta, a exemplo do que já é utilizado em outros segmentos de empreendimentos de Base Imobiliária no Brasil. Contudo, um sistema de classificação de CL rigoroso e isento de viés é inexistente hoje no Brasil. O mercado dispõe exclusivamente de critérios formulados pelas empresas responsáveis pela comercialização dos espaços nos empreendimentos, o que compromete a isenção da avaliação da qualidade para o usuário. Esta notória ausência de um sistema de classificação reclama a construção de critérios mais bem fundamentados e com análise do estado dos atributos, sob o ponto de vista do usuário de CLs. Portanto o objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver um sistema de certificação da qualidade de CL no Brasil, no qual sejam identificados e analisados os diferentes atributos que possam enquadrar um empreendimento dentro de uma classe específica, para dar suporte a uma leitura de qualidade dos empreendimentos pelo mercado. Para atingir o objetivo mencionado, foi necessário identificar os principais aspectos comuns às classificações existentes no mercado de CL através de levantamento bibliográfico e de práticas de mercado, para, em seguida, eleger uma metodologia de análise que permita avaliar os atributos que fundamentam na visão dos usuários o que configura a qualidade dos CLs. O método empregado foi o Delphi, que envolve a aplicação sucessivas de questionários a especialistas no tema, com o intuito de reconhecer a opinião prevalente acerca da qualidade de CL segundo o ponto de vista de seus usuários típicos. Deste modo, os resultados alcançados são, i) construção de uma Matriz de atributos que identifica a importância relativa dos sistemas e atributos requeridos pelos usuários de CLs, ii) construção de um sistema de classificação da qualidade de CLs para ser oferecido ao mercado.Currently in the Brazilian Warehouses Business Park (WBP) are offered projects in varying quality strata. This follows from the broad spectrum of needs and demands of a wide variety of users interested in occupying charges (WBP). In general, users of this project typology looking beyond the storage efficiency, other services and attributes such as: prime location, modern infrastructure building systems, strong balance security, tax incentives in the region, design flexibility to adjust the facilities existing specific operational requirements, among others. From the set of quality attributes offered to users can frame projects this segment in specific classes that allow the market to do a reading without standard bias quality of the projects on offer, similar to what is already used in other segments of enterprises Base of Real Estate in Brazil. However, a strict classification system of WBP whit free bias is nonexistent today in Brazil. The market has only criteria formulated by the companies responsible for marketing the spaces in the projects, which compromises the quality assessment of the exemption for the user. This notorious absence of a classification system calls for the construction of wellfounded criteria and analysis of the state of the attributes from the point of view of WBP user. Therefore the aim of this research is to develop a quality certification system to Warehouses Business Park in Brazil, which are identified and analyzed the different attributes that can frame a project within a specific class, to support a quality reading of developments in the market . To achieve the goal mentioned, it was necessary to identify key commonalities of existing ratings in the WBP market through literature and market practices, to then elect a methodology for assessing the attributes that support the vision of users which sets the quality of WBP. The method used was Delphi, which involves the successive application of questionnaires to experts on the subject, in order to recognize the prevailing opinion about the quality of WBP from the point of view of their typical users. Thus, the results obtained are i) construction of an array of attributes that identify the relative importance of the attributes required for systems and users shed, ii) construct a quality classification system of WBP to be offered to the market