Simulation of DSDV Protocol

An ad-hoc network is the cooperative engagement of a collection of Mobile Hosts without the required intervention of any centralized Access Point. This Application is the innovative design for the operation of such ad-hoc networks. The basic idea of the design is to operate each Mobile Host as a specialized router, which periodically advertises its view of the interconnection topology with other Mobile Hosts within the network. This amounts to a new sort of routing protocol. This paper is practically applied using the specifications that are defined through Highly Dynamic Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Algorithm

Temporal Variation of Surface Water Quality in Urbanized Watershed of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

The Water quality of Ashwani Khad, a drinking water resource for Shimla city was studied to find out it’s suitability for drinking purposes since this stream is receiving treated sewage effluent from a nearby Sewage Treatment Plant. The sewage contaminated water had caused Hepatitis A outbreak in the city few years ago. This for the first time created a hue and cry among the people leading to a constant monitoring of the water quality of Ashwani Khad since this water is directly being used for drinking purposes in the study area. Fifteen water quality parameters were tested for 26 water samples along the stream both in pre and post monsoon seasons in April 2013 and October 2013 respectively. These included pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, hardness, alkalinity, nitrates, phosphates, fluoride, sulphates and chlorides. The pH, EC and TDS were evaluated in the field while the other parameters were evaluated in the laboratory. The higher values of few parameters especially the BOD and COD in the water samples indicated that the water is not suitable for drinking purposes and needs certain levels of purification techniques to make it suitable for drinking purposes. The results also revealed that the Sewage Treatment Plant is not working effectively as the effluents were highly contaminated. Keywords: Water, Sewage, Pollution, Shimla, Sewage Treatment Plant, Ashwani Kha

Antibacterial finish of textile using papaya peels derived silver nanoparticles

The present study is aimed at the extracellular synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles for the development of nanosafe textile using the extracts of yellow papaya peel. Fabric is treated with nanoparticles using dip and dry method to observe the effect of antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles are also characterized and quantified. Due to their potent antibacterial activity, papaya peels derived silver nanoparticles can be incorporated into fabrics and the manufacturers can make textiles free from spoilage by microorganisms

Maternal and fetal outcome among pregnant women presenting with thrombocytopenia

Background: Thrombocytopenia complicates about 7-8% of all pregnancies. It is an under-explored condition in Indian women during pregnancy, so the study was planned to find out the prevalence and causative factors of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy and to review management strategies for the best feto-maternal outcome.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh. 546 antenatal women were screened, 65 women who were diagnosed with thrombocytopenia, were included in the study.Results: The incidence of maternal thrombocytopenia in our study was 8.4%. 63% of the women had mild thrombocytopenia while 35.4% and 1.5% of women were moderate and severe thrombocytopenic respectively. The mean maternal platelet count was 106907±30136.52/µL whereas the mean neonatal platelet count was 175307.7±33834.87/µL. The incidence of fetal thrombocytopenia was 3.1%. Amongst 65 thrombocytopenic women 1.5% had HELLP Syndrome, 26.3% had PIH and 68.2% had gestational thrombocytopenia. 27.7% were delivered by LSCS and 72.3% were delivered vaginally. The most common indication of LSCS was acute fetal distress with MSL (55%) followed by breech (25%), failed induction (10%), and the rest (10%) for other obstetrical indications. 30% women required induction of labor with misoprostol for various obstetrical indications. The most common indication for induction was mild pre-eclampsia (45%) followed by IUGR (25%), PROM (15%) and post-date (15%).The mean baby weight in our study was 2.84±0.32 kg. Out of 65 neonates, 6.15% neonates required NICU admission. One neonate died at first post - op day because of respiratory distress syndrome. APGAR score <7 in 1 and 5 min were seen in 6.15% of neonates. Only 8% neonates were small for gestational age.Conclusions: In pregnancy with thrombocytopenia, gestational thrombocytopenia is the commonest and benign condition which does not alter the obstetrical management. Still a vigil should be kept on maternal platelet count in antenatal period to prevent unfavorable outcome in serious conditions that may require specific and urgent management (HELLP syndrome, severe pre-eclampsia, TTP, HUS and acute fatty liver of pregnancy)

Complexity of rice Hsp100 gene family: lessons from rice genome sequence data

Elucidation of genome sequence provides an excellent platform to understand detailed complexity of the various gene families. Hsp100 is an important family of chaperones in diverse living systems. There are eight putative gene loci encoding for Hsp100 proteins in Arabidopsis genome. In rice, two full-length Hsp100 cDNAs have been isolated and sequenced so far. Analysis of rice genomic sequence by in silico approach showed that two isolated rice Hsp100 cDNAs correspond to Os05g44340 and Os02g32520 genes in the rice genome database. There appears to be three additional proteins (encoded by Os03g31300, Os04g32560 and Os04g33210 gene loci) that are variably homologous to Os05g44340 and Os02g32520 throughout the entire amino acid sequence. The above five rice Hsp100 genes show significant similarities in the signature sequences known to be conserved among Hsp100 proteins. While Os05g44340 encodes cytoplasmic Hsp100 protein, those encoded by the other four genes are predicted to have chloroplast transit peptides

Age Sequence in Small Clusters Associated with Bright-Rimmed Clouds

Bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) found in H II regions are probable sites of triggered star formation due to compression by ionization/shock fronts, and it is hypothesized that star formation proceeds from the exciting star(s) side outward of the HII region ("small-scale sequential star formation"). In order to quantitatively testify this hypothesis we undertook BVIc photometry of four BRC aggregates. The amounts of interstellar extinction and reddening for each star have been estimated by using the JHKs photometry. Then we constructed reddening-corrected V/V-Ic color-magnitude diagrams, where the age of each star has been derived. All the stars turned out to be a few tenths to a few Myr old. Although the scatters are large and the numbers of the sample stars are small, we found a clear trend that the stars inside or in the immediate vicinity of the bright rim are younger than those outside it in all the four aggregates, confirming the hypothesis in question.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in PAS

AN UPDATED REVIEW ON TRANSFERSOMES: A NOVEL VESICULAR SYSTEM FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY

Transdermal route is an interesting option in this respect because a transdermal route is convenient and safe, avoid first pass metabolism, predictable and extended duration of activity, minimizing undesirable side effects, utility of short half-life drugs, improving physiological and pharmacological responses, avoiding the fluctuation in drug levels and inter and intra-patient variations. However it has got its own limitations its inability to transport large molecules, inability to overcome the barrier properties of stratum corneum and many more. Formulating the drug in a transfersome is one such approach to solve these problems. Transfersome, is an ultradeformable vesicle, elastic in nature which can squeeze itself through a pore which is many times smaller than its size owing to its elasticity. Peer Review History: Received 29 August 2017; &nbsp;&nbsp;Revised 5 September; Accepted 9 September, Available online 15 September 2017 Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria,&nbsp;[email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Omonkhelin J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, [email protected] Similar Articles: INVESTIGATION OF PRONIOSOMES GEL AS A PROMISING CARRIER FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF GLIMEPIRID

A novel comparative study of crystalline perfection and optical homogeneity in Nd:GGG crystals grown by the Czochralski technique with different crystal/melt interface shapes

Nd:GGG crystals (GGG is gadolinium gallium garnet) grown with different crystal/melt interface shapes (convex/flat/concave) by varying the seed rotation rate while using the Czochralski technique were studied for their optical homogeneity and crystalline perfection by optical polarization microscopy (OPM) and high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD), respectively. It was found that there is a remarkable effect of seed rotation rate, which decides the shape of the crystal/melt interface, on the optical homogeneity and crystalline perfection. It was found experimentally that, as the rotation rate increases, the crystal/melt interface changes from convex to flat. If the rate further increases the interface becomes concave. With a steep convex interface (for low rotation rates), certain facets are concentrated in the small central portion of the crystal, and as the rate increases, these facets slowly move outward, leading to improved optical homogeneity and crystalline perfection as observed from the OPM and HRXRD results. The strain developed in the crystalline matrix as a result of segregation of oxygen in the crystals at low seed rotation rates as observed from HRXRD seems to be the reason for the observed optical inhomogeneity. The correlation between optical inhomogeneity and crystalline perfection for a variety of specimens with different shapes of the crystal/liquid interface obtained at different seed rotation rates is reported

Pre-main sequence variable stars in young open cluster NGC 1893

We present results of multi-epoch (fourteen nights during 2007-2010) $V$-band photometry of the cluster NGC 1893 region to identify photometric variable stars in the cluster. The study identified a total of 53 stars showing photometric variability. The members associated with the region are identified on the basis of spectral energy distribution, $J-H/H-K$ two colour diagram and $V/V-I$ colour-magnitude diagram. The ages and masses of the majority of pre-main-sequence sources are found to be $\lesssim$ 5 Myr and in the range 0.5 $\lesssim$ $M/M_{\odot}$ $\lesssim$ 4, respectively. These pre-main-sequence sources hence could be T Tauri stars. We also determined the physical parameters like disk mass and accretion rate from the spectral energy distribution of these T Tauri stars. The periods of majority of the T Tauri stars range from 0.1 to 20 day. The brightness of Classical T Tauri stars is found to vary with larger amplitude in comparison to Weak line T Tauri stars. It is found that the amplitude decreases with increase in mass, which could be due to the dispersal of disks of massive stars.Comment: 15pages, 16 figures and 5 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRA